Evaluating Four-Point Bend Fatigue of Asphalt Mix Using Image Analysis
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 1
Abstract
One of the primary structural distress modes found in bituminous pavement layers is fatigue cracking, resulting from repeated application of traffic-induced stresses. The development of a four-point bending test arrangement to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of rectangular beam specimens dimensions) of bituminous mixtures is discussed. This novel system allows the crack-damaged surfaces of beam specimens to be inspected and monitored digitally in situ during fatigue tests. The test fixture, which was integrated with a closed-loop servo hydraulic feedback system, incorporates a constant clamping mechanism and uses a combined displacement and loading mode of control. A series of four-point bending fatigue tests were performed on specimens of two standard Irish mixtures: a hot rolled asphalt and dense base course macadam. The digitally imaged information on fatigue cracking was used to measure the extent of damage and to characterize a linear elastic fracture mechanics model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Aglan, H. A., and Figueroa, J. L.(1993). “Damage-evolution approach to fatigue cracking in pavements.” J. Eng. Mech., 119(6), 1243–1259.
Airey, G. D. (1995). “Fatigue testing of asphalt mixtures using the laboratory third point loading fatigue testing system.” MEng thesis, Univ. of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Ali, M. K., Cabrera, J. G., and Zoorob, S. E. (1999). “Fatigue properties of polymer modified dense bituminous mixtures.” Proc., 3rd European Symposium on the Performance and Durability of Bituminous Materials and Hydraulic Stabilised Composites, School of Civil Eng., Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, U.K., 205–220.
Austroads. (1998). “Selection and design of asphalt mixes.” Australian Provisional Guide, Australian Road Research Board Transport Research Ltd., Vermont South, Australia.
Bonnot, J. (1986). “Asphalt aggregate mixtures.” Transportation Research Record 1096, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 42–51.
Brunton, J. M. (1983). “Developments in the analytical design of asphalt pavements using computers.” PhD thesis, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
British Standards (BS). (1992). “Hot rolled asphalt for roads and other paved areas.” BS 594: Part 1, British Standard Institute, London.
British Standards (BS). (1993). “Coated macadams for roads and other paved areas.” BS 4987: Part 1, British Standard Institute, London.
Cooper Research Technology. (2002). 〈http://www.cooper.co.uk〉.
Di Benedetto, H., Soltanir, A. A., and Chaverot, P. (1997). “Fatigue damage of bituminous mixtures.” Mechanical tests for bituminous materials, Proc. Int. RILEM Symp., H. Di Benedetto and L. Francken, eds., RILEM, Paris, 263–270.
ELE International (ELE). (2000). 〈http://www.eleint.co.uk〉.
Fwa, T. F., Low, B. H., and Tan, S. A. (1995). “Behavior analysis of asphalt mixtures using triaxial test-determined properties.” Engineering properties of asphalt mixtures and their relationship to their performance, ASTM STP 1265, G. A. Huber and S. Dale, eds. Philadelphia, 97–110.
Gilchrist, M. D., Hartman, A. M., Owende, P. M. O., and Ward, S. M.(2001). “Full scale accelerated testing of bituminous road pavement mixtures.” Key Eng. Mater., 204–205, 443–452.
Groenendijk, J., Vogelsang, C. H., Miradi, A., and Molenaar, A. A. A. (1997). “Linear tracking performance tests on full-depth asphalt pavement.” Transportation Research Record, 1570, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 39–47.
Hartman, A. M. (2000). “Experimental investigation into the mechanical performance and structural integrity of bituminous road pavement mixtures under the action of fatigue load conditions.” PhD thesis, Univ. College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Hartman, A. M., Gilchrist, M. D., and Nolan, D.(2001a). “Wheeltracking fatigue simulation of bituminous mixtures.” Int. J. Road Mater. Pavement Design 2(2), 141–160.
Hartman, A. M., Gilchrist, M. D., Owende, P., Ward, S., and Clancy, F.(2001b). “In-situ accelerated testing of bituminous mixtures.” Int. J. Road Mater. Pavement Design, 2(4), 337–357.
Hartman, A. M., Gilchrist, M. D., and Walsh, G.(2001c). “Effect of mixture compaction on indirect tensile stiffness and fatigue.” J. Transp. Eng., 127(5), 370–378.
Hartman, A. M., Nolan, D., and Gilchrist, M. D.(1999). “Experimental facility for simulating the initiation and propagation of fatigue damage in bituminous road paving materials.” Key Eng. Mater., 167–168, 27–34.
Jacobs, M. M. J. (1995). “Crack growth in asphaltic mixes.” PhD thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Kuo, C., and Freeman, R. B. (1998). “Image analysis evaluation of aggregate for asphalt concrete mixtures.” Transportation Research Record 1615, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 65–71.
Majidzadeh, K., Kaufmann, E. M., and Ramsamooj, D. V.(1971). “Application of fracture mechanics in the analysis of pavement fatigue.” Proc. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 40, 227–246.
Molenaar, A. A. A. (1983). “Structural performance and design of flexible road constructions and asphalt overlays.” PhD thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Monismith, C. L., and Deacon, J. A.(1969). “Fatigue of asphalt paving materials.” J. Transp. Eng., 95(2), 317–346.
MTS Systems Corporation (MTS). (2000). 〈http://www.mts.com〉.
Oren, G. M., Marks, V. J., and Dubberke, W. G. (1994). “Image analysis of Portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete using scanning electron microscope images.” Transportation Research Record 1458, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 20–27.
Owende, P., Hartman, A. M., Ward, S., Gilchrist, M. D., and O’Mahony, M. J.(2001). “Minimizing distress on flexible pavements using variable tire pressure.” J. Transp. Eng., 127(3), 254–262.
Paris, P. C., and Erdogan, F.(1963). “A critical analysis of crack propagation laws.” Trans. ASME, J. Basic Eng. Ser. D, 85(3), 524–534.
Pell, P. S. (1967). “Fatigue of asphalt pavement mixes.” Proc., Int. Conf. on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, International Society of Asphalt Pavements, Ann Arbor, Mich., 577.
Rao Tangella, S. C. S., Craus, J., Deacon, J. A., and Monismith, C. L. (1990). “Summary report on fatigue response of asphalt aggregate mixtures.” Rep. No. SHRP-A-003-A, TM_UCB-A-003-A-89-3, Institute of Transportation Studies, Univ. of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Read, J. M. (1996). “Fatigue cracking of bituminous paving mixtures.” PhD thesis, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
Rowe, G. M. (1996). “Application of the dissipated energy concept to fatigue cracking in asphalt pavements.” PhD thesis, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
Said, S. F. (1998). “Validation of indirect tensile test for fatigue testing of bituminous mixes.” Project Rep. No. 60209, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.
Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). (1992). “Fatigue response of asphalt-aggregate mixes.” Executive summary, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Sulaiman, S. J. (1990). “Fracture and crack growth in recycled mixes.” PhD thesis, Univ. of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
Sulaiman, S. J., and Stock, A. F.(1996). “The use of fracture mechanics for the evaluation of asphalt mixes.” Proc. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 65, 500–529.
Tayebali, A. A., Deacon, J. A., and Monismith, C. L. (1996). “Development of dynamic flexural beam fatigue test system.” Transportation Research Record 1545, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 89–97.
Van Dijk, W.(1975). “Practical fatigue characterisation of bituminous mixtures.” Proc. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 44, 38–74.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 27, 2002
Accepted: Apr 23, 2003
Published online: Jan 16, 2004
Published in print: Feb 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.