Experimental Study on Crack Bridging in FRC under Uniaxial Fatigue Tension
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 12, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on crack bridging in steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) materials under deformation-controlled uniaxial fatigue tension. Two types of commercially available steel fibers, straight steel fiber and hooked end steel fiber, were used separately in this experimental investigation. A total of six series of fatigue tensile tests with constant amplitude between maximum and minimum crack openings were conducted. The experimental results show that the bridging stress decreases with the number of load cycles, and this phenomenon is termed bridging degradation. The general behavior of the bridging degradation with the number of cycles in SFRCs is represented by a fast dropping stage (reduction in bridging stress within the first 10–15 cycles) with a decelerated degradation rate, followed by a stable stage with an almost constant degradation rate for straight SFRC, or by several periods with a decelerated rate in each period for hooked SFRC. Although fiber deformation, such as in hooked end fiber, can improve the monotonic crack bridging significantly, faster bridging degradation is found in hooked SFRC than in straight SFRC with the same maximum crack width (>0.1 mm) and minimum load condition.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aarre, T. ( 1992). “Tensile characteristics of FRC with special emphasis on its applicability in a continues pavement,” PhD thesis, Serie R, No. 301, Dept. of Struct. Engrg. and Mat., Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
2.
Byung, B., and Oh, H. (1986). “Fatigue analysis of plain concrete in flexure.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 112(2), 273–288.
3.
Cook, J., and Gordon, J. E. (1964). “A mechanism for the control of crack propagation in all brittle systems.” Proc., Royal Soc., London, 282A, 508–520.
4.
Cox, B. N., and Rose, L. R. F. (1994). “Time-or cycle-dependent crack bridging.” Mech. of Mat., 19, 39–57.
5.
Evans, A. G., Zok, F. W., and Mcmeeking, R. M. (1995). “Fatigue of ceramic matrix composites.” Acta Metall. Mat., 43(3), 859–875.
6.
Gopalaratnam, V. S., and Shah, S. P. (1985). “Softening response of plain concrete in direct tension.” ACI J., 82(3), 310–323.
7.
Gylltoft, K. ( 1983). “Fracture mechanics models for fatigue in concrete structures,” PhD thesis, Div. of Struct. Engrg., Luleåa University of Technology, Luleåa, Sweden.
8.
Hordijk, D. A. ( 1991). “Local approach to fatigue of concrete,” PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
9.
Hsu, T. T. C. (1981). “Fatigue of plain concrete.” ACI J., July–Aug., 292–305.
10.
Johnston, C. D., and Zemp, R. W. (1991). “Flexural influence of fiber content, aspect ratio and type.” ACI Mat. J., Jul-Aug., 347–383.
11.
Li, V. C., and Matsumoto, T. (1998). “Fatigue crack growth analysis of fiber reinforced concrete with effect of interfacial bond degradation.” Cement and Concrete Compos., 20(5), 353–363.
12.
Li, V. C., Stang, H., and Krenchel, H. (1993). “Micromechanics of crack bridging in fiber reinforced concrete.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 26, 486–494.
13.
Otter, D. E., and Naaman, A. E. (1988). “Properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete under cyclic loading.” ACI Mat. J., July-Aug., 254–261.
14.
Ramakrishan, V., Oberling, G., and Tatnall, P. (1987). “Flexural fatigue strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete.” Proc., Symp., America Concrete Institute, Detroit, 225–245.
15.
Reinhardt, H. W., Cornelissen, A. W., and Hordijk, D. A. (1986). “Tensile tests and failure analysis of concrete.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 112(11), 2462–2477.
16.
Rouby, D., and Reynaud, P. (1993). “Fatigue behavior related to interface modification during cycling in ceramic-matrix fiber composites.” Compos. Sci. and Technol., 48, 109–118.
17.
Saito, M., and Imai, S. (1983). “Direct tensile fatigue of concrete by the use of friction grips.” ACI J., Sep.-Oct., 431–438.
18.
Stang, H., and Aarre, T. (1992). “Evaluation of crack width in FRC with conventional reinforcement.” Cement and Concrete Compos., 14(2), 143–154.
19.
Stang, H., and Zhang, J. ( 1994). “Experimental determination of fatigue crack growth in fiber reinforced concrete.” Recent advances in experimental mechanics, J. F. Silva Gomez et al., eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1347–1352.
20.
Tepfers R., and Kutti, T. (1979). “Fatigue strength of plain, ordinary and lightweight concrete.” ACI J. May, 636–652.
21.
Wu, H. C., Matsumoto, T., and Li, V. C. (1994). “Buckling of bridging fibers in composites.” J. Mat. Sci. Letters, 13(24), 1800–1803.
22.
Zhang, J. ( 1998). “Fatigue fracture of fiber reinforced concrete—An experimental and theoretical study,” PhD thesis, Serie R, No. 41, Dept. of Struct. Engrg. and Mat., Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
23.
Zhang, J., and Stang, H. (1997a). “Bridging behavior and crack growth in FRC under fatigue load.” Proc., 5th Int. Symp. on Brittle Matrix Compos. (BMC5), A. M. Brandt, V. C. Li, and I. H. Marshall, eds., 143–153.
24.
Zhang, J., and Stang, H. (1997b). “Interfacial degradation in cement-based fibre reinforced composites.” J. Mat. Sci. Letters, 16(11), 886–888.
25.
Zhang, J., and Stang, H. (1998). “Fatigue performance in flexure of fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mat. J., 95(1), 58–67.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 12 • Issue 1 • February 2000
Pages: 66 - 73
History
Received: Sep 1, 1998
Published online: Feb 1, 2000
Published in print: Feb 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.