Growth and Decay of Estuary Ice Cover
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 20, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper presents a new vertical 1D finite-element model to simulate the growth and decay of an ice cover (columnar ice, snow ice, slush, and snow cover consolidation) over a winter season in a partially mixed mesotidal estuary. In this study, we present, discuss, and validate boundary conditions as well as test and optimize the numerical model. Predictions from the model were assessed against field observations of ice thicknesses and internal temperatures taken over . This paper explains why ice in the estuary is almost completely composed of freshwater. We demonstrate how a columnar ice sheet grows over the first half of the winter season and is then melted from underneath during the second half of winter, especially where currents are strong. We also demonstrate that significant snow ice may form over the second half of winter if the ice cover survives long enough by resisting mechanical breakup of spring tides in March.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Benoît Maisonneuve (Hydro-Québec) and Céline Bourrel (Laval U.) for help in the field; Suying Xing, and Masoud Hessami (Laval) for help with the hydrodynamic modeling. Funding for the study was provided by Hydro-Québec and the Government of Québec (FQRNT program). We appreciate the editorial services of an earlier version of this document by Textcheck.com and the comments of the ASCE reviewers and editors.
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© 2006 ASCE.
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Received: Apr 27, 2005
Accepted: Aug 5, 2005
Published online: Sep 1, 2006
Published in print: Sep 2006
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