Impacts of Dredging on Shoreline Change
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 4
Abstract
Nearshore dredging for construction aggregate or beach nourishment can result in a perturbation of natural littoral processes, changes in wave transformation patterns, and a net loss of sand from the littoral system. A method is described for estimating both direct and indirect effects of dredging on shoreline change. The direct effect results from infilling of the dredged pit via cross-shore sediment transport and is addressed statistically, assuming that the beach profile is in some arbitrary equilibrium shape. The indirect effect arises from project-induced wave transformation, which alters longshore sediment transport patterns, and is described using both spectral and monochromatic, numerical wave transformation models to provide input to a one-line model for shoreline change. Infilling of the pit is neglected when estimating the indirect effect, providing a worst-case estimate of the indirect effect. The methodology is applied to a site on the Turkish Black Sea coast, using hindcast wave data. The influences of pit location and geometry are investigated systematically, and recommendations regarding optimum pit dimensions and locations are made.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bakker, W. T. (1971). “The influence of longshore variation of the wave height on the littoral current.” Study Rep. No. WWK71-19, Ministry of Public Works, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Basco, D. R., and Lonza, F. R. (1997). “Nearshore wave transformation altered by sand volumes removed from borrow areas for beach nourishment.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis, ASCE, New York, 37–48.
Bender, C. J. (2001). “Wave field modifications and shoreline response due to offshore borrow areas.” MS thesis, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Booij, N. R., Ris, R. C., and Holthuijsen, L. H.(1999). “A third-generation wave model for coastal regions, Part 1, model description and validation.” J. Geophys. Res., 104(C4), 7649–7666.
Cavaleri, L., Athanassoulis, A. A., and Barstow S. (1999a). “Eurowaves: the easy approach to the evaluation of the local wave climatology.” Proc., Int. MEDCOAST Conf. on Wind and Wave Climate of Mediterranean and Black Sea, MEDCOAST, Ankara, Turkey, 251–261.
Cavaleri, L., Bertotti, L., and Bidlot, J. (1999b). “Hindcast and calibration of the wave conditions and the Black Sea.” Proc., Int. MEDCOAST Conf. on Wind and Wave Climate of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, MEDCOAST, Ankara, Turkey, 139–153.
Combe, A. J., and Soileau, C. W. (1987). “Behavior of man-made beach dune: Grand Isle, Louisiana.” Proc., Coastal Sediments 87, ASCE, New York, 1232–1242.
Dean, R. G. (1977). “Equilibrium beach profiles: U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts.” Ocean Engineering Rep. No. 12, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, Del.
Demir, H. (2002). “Effects of dredged holes on the shoreline change in the Black Sea.” M.S. thesis, Boaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey.
Ebersole, B. A., Cialone, M. A., and Prater, M. D. (1986). “Regional coastal processes numerical modeling system, report 1, A linear wave propagation model for engineering use.” Technical Rep. No. CERC-86-4, CERC, Dept. of the Army, WES, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss.
Eryılmaz, M., and Yücesoy-Eryılmaz, F. (1997). “Sand and gravel mines close to shore, their effects and licensing procedures.” Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları l. Ulusal Konferansı, Türkiye Kıyıları 97 Konferansı Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, Middle East Technical University 591–601. (in Turkish)
Gravens, W. T., and Rosati, J. D. (1994). “Numerical study of breakwaters at Grand Isle, Lousiana.” Misc. Paper CERC-94-16, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss.
Hallermeier, J. R.(1980). “Sand motion initiation by waves: Two asymptotes.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 106(3), 299–318.
Hanson, H., and Kraus, N. C. (1989). “GENESIS-generalized model for simulating shoreline change, Vol. 1: Reference manual and users guide.” Technical Rep. No. CERC-89-19, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, Miss.
Horikawa, K., Sasaki, T., and Sakuramoto, H.(1977). “Mathematical and laboratory models of shoreline changes due to dredged holes.” J. Fac. Eng. Univ., Tokyo, 34(B), 49–57.
Kirby, J. T., and Dalrymple, R. A.(1983a). “Propagation of obliquely incident water waves over a trench.” J. Fluid Mech., 133, 47–63.
Kirby, J. T., and Dalrymple, R. A.(1983b). “A parabolic equation for the combined refraction diffraction of Stokes waves by mildly varying topography.” J. Fluid Mech., 136, 543–566.
Kojima, H., Ijima, T., and Nakamuta, T. (1986). “Impact of offshore dredging on beaches along the Genkai Sea, Japan.” Proc., 20th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, New York, 1281–1295.
Komen, G. J., Cavaleri, L., Donelan, M., Hasselmann, K., Hasselmann, S., and Janssen, P. A. E. M. (1994). Dynamics and modelling of ocean waves, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Lee, J. J., and Ayer, R. M.(1981). “Wave propagation over a rectangular trench.” J. Fluid Mech., 110, 335–347.
Maa, J. P. Y., and Hobbs, C. H.(1998). “Physical impact of waves on adjacent coasts resulting from dredging at Sandbridge Shoal, Virginia.” J. Coastal Res., 14(2), 525–536.
Maa, J. P. Y., Hobbs, C. H., and Hardaway, C. S.(2001). “A criterion for determining the impact on shorelines caused by altering wave transformation.” J. Coastal Res., 17(1), 107–113.
Marine Habitat Committee (2000). “Report of the working group on the effects of extraction of marine sediments on the marine ecosystem.” Rep. No. ICES CM 2000/E:07, Gdansk, Poland.
McDougal, W. G., Williams, A. N., and Furukawa, K.(1996). “Multiple-pit breakwaters.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 122(1), 27–33.
Motyka, J. M., and Willis, D. H. (1974). “The effect of refraction over dredged holes.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, New York, 615–625.
Nicholls, R. J., Birkemeier, W. A., and Hallermeier, R. J. (1996). “Application of the depth of closure concept.” Proc., 25th Int. Conf. Coastal Engineering, ASCE, New York, 3874–3887.
Özhan, E., and Abdalla, S. (1999). “Wind and wave climatology of the Turkish coast and the Black Sea: an overview of the NATO-TUWAVES project.” Proc., Int. MEDCOAST Conf. on Wind and Wave Climate of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, MEDCOAST, Ankara, Turkey, 1–20.
Simons, R., and Hollingham, S. (2001). “Marine aggregate dredging: A review of current procedures for assessing coastal processes and impact at the coastline.” Technical Rep. No. HYD10401, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Univ. College of London, London.
Van Dolah, R. F., Digre, B. J., Gayes, P. T., Donovan-Ealy, P., and Dowd, M. W. (1998). “An evaluation of physical recovery rates in sand borrow sites used for beach nourishment projects in South Carolina.” Final Rep., prepared for The South Carolina Task Force on Offshore Resources and the Mineral Management Service, Office of International Activities and Marine Minerals, S.C.
Williams, A. N.(1990). “Diffraction of long waves by rectangular pit.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 116(4), 459–469.
Williams, A. N., and Vasquez, J. H.(1991). “Wave interaction with a rectangular pit.” J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 113, 193–198.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 130 • Issue 4 • July 2004
Pages: 170 - 178
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 5, 2003
Accepted: Dec 17, 2003
Published online: Jun 15, 2004
Published in print: Jul 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.