Modeling of Flow Resistance in Mangrove Swamp at Mouth of Tidal Keelung River, Taiwan
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 2
Abstract
The effects of mangrove trees on the flow field in a tidal estuary during high freshwater discharge events are investigated using a depth-averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The model is refined to include the effects of mangrove trees on flow resistance. The resistance is described by a set of two empirical equations depending on water depth and vegetative parameters. The vegetative parameters are investigated and tested using on-site samples of Kandelia plants. The model is calibrated and verified with experimental data measured in a physical model. The agreement between the measured and computed water surface elevation is good. The model is then applied to the entire tidal Tanshui River system, which includes mangrove swamps near the mouth of the Keelung River. The flow patterns and resistance distributions are investigated for several scenarios of high flow events. The results show that the refined model provides an ideal management tool for the mangrove swamps.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Arcement, G. J. Jr., and Schneider, V. R. (1989). “Guide for selecting Manning’s roughness coefficients for natural channels and flood plains.” Water Resources Paper 2339, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Barnes, H. H. Jr. (1967). “Roughness characteristics of natural channels.” Water Resources Paper 1849, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
De Bruin, H. A. R., and Moore, C. J.(1985). “Zero-plane displacement and roughness length for tall vegetation, derived from a simple mass conservation hypothesis.” Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 31, 39–49.
Freeman, G. E. (1997). “Analysis and prediction of plant stiffness modulus for selected plants.” Federal Contract No. DACW-39-97-M-1413, U.S. Waterway Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss.
Freeman, G. E., Copeland, R. R., and Rahmeyer, W. H. (1998). “Field determination of Manning’s n value for shrubs and woody vegetation.” USCID Conf.
Freeman, G. E., Rahmeyer, W. H., and Copeland, R. R. (2000). “Determination of resistance due to shorts and woody vegetation.” Rep. ERDC/CHL TR-00-25, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Hsu, M.-H., Kuo, A. Y., Kuo, J.-T., and Liu, W.-C.(1999). “Procedure to calibrate and verify numerical models of estuarine hydrodynamics.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(2), 166–182.
King, I. P., and Norton, W. R. (1985). “Operating instructions for the computer program, RMA-2.” Rep., Resource Management Associates, Lafayette, Calif.
Kouwen, N.(1992). “Modern approach to design of grassed channels.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 118(5), 733–743.
Kouwen, N., and Unny, T. E.(1973). “Flexible roughness in open channels.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 99(5), 713–728.
Lemon, E. R. (1967). “Aerodynamic study of exchange between the atmosphere and the plant.” Harvesting the sun: Photosynthesis in plant life, Academic, San Diego, 263–290.
Liu, W.-C., Hsu, M.-H., and Kuo, A. Y.(2001). “Investigation of long-term transport in Tanshui River estuary, Taiwan.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal Ocean Eng., 127(2), 61–71.
Shao, K. T. (1999). “A study on biological resources change in Kuan-Du natural reservation and Kuan-Du natural park.” Rep. Prepared for Bureau of Economic Development, Taipei City government, Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Taiwan Water Resources Agency. (1996). “Reset up the physical model of Tanshui River system and verify flood protection project of Taipei.” Rep., Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Thom, A. S. (1975). “Momentum, mass and heat exchange of plant communities.” Vegetation and atmosphere, Vol. 1, J. L. Monteith, ed., Academic, San Diego, 57–109.
USDA handbook of channel design for soil and water conservation. (1954). Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Walton, R., and Christensen, B. A.(1980). “Friction factors in storm surges over inland areas.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal Ocean Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 106(2), 261–271.
Wu, F.-C., Shen, H. W., and Chou, Y.-J.(1999). “Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(9), 934–942.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 2 • March 2003
Pages: 86 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 23, 2002
Accepted: Jul 29, 2002
Published online: Feb 14, 2003
Published in print: Mar 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.