Factors Influencing the Strength of Cement Fly Ash Base Courses
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 5
Abstract
Fly ash is a waste produced in coal-fired thermal power stations. It has pozzolonic properties and can therefore be stabilized with either cement or lime to achieve the strength required for use as base courses in pavements. Agencies such as the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have specified criteria and guidelines for the determination of the stabilizer content. This requires carrying out unconfined compression tests on stabilized fly ash specimens prepared and cured as per standard procedures. The stabilizer content is the minimum amount of the stabilizer for which the unconfined compressive strength of the specimens complies with the specified values. The actual curing conditions of the stabilized fly ash bases in the field, however, will differ from those of the laboratory specimens. This will affect the strength development of the bases, their durability, and their performance. The paper explains the details and results of a laboratory experimental program carried out to study the influence of curing conditions and other factors on the development of strength. The program comprised compaction tests and unconfined compression tests. Two Indian fly ashes and a commercial portland cement were used in the study. Six different curing conditions, including controlled and ambient conditions, were adopted. The influence of differences in the dry unit weight and water content was also investigated.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Coal Ash Association (ACAA). (1999). “Coal combustion product (CCP) production and use (short tons), American Coal Ash Association (ACAA).” 〈http://www.acaa-usa.org/CY1999-ProdUseSummary.pdf〉 (Dec. 15, 2001).
ASTM. (1993). “Specification for fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolana for use as a mineral admixture in portland cement concrete; ASTM 618.” Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 4.02, West Conshohocken, Pa., 310–312.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1973). “Methods of test for soils: determination of unconfined compressive strength IS 2720 (part 10).” Compendium of Indian standards on soil engineering, New Delhi, India, 202–205.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). “Specification for 53 grade ordinary portland cement.” IS 12269, New Delhi, India.
“Coal fly ash—user guideline—stabilized base.” (2001). 〈http://tfhrc.gov/hnr20/recycle/waste/cfa55.htm〉 (Apr. 4, 2001).
Collins, R. J., and Ciesielski, S. K. (1994). “Recycling and use of waste materials and by-products in highway construction.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis of Highway Practice No. 199, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Glogowski, P. E., Kelly, J. M., McLaren, R. J., and Burns, D. L. (1992).“Fly ash design manual for road and site applications; RP2422-2.” Rep. prepared for Electric Power Research Institute, GAI Consultants, Monroeville, Pa.
Hanehara, S., Tomasawa, F., Kobayakawa, M., and Hwang, K.(2001). “Effects of water/powder ratio, mixing ratio of fly ash, and curing temperature on pozzolonic reaction of fly ash in cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(1), 31–40.
Kaniraj, S. R., and Havanagi, V. G.(1999a). “Compressive strength of cement stabilized fly ash-soil mixtures.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(5), 673–677.
Kaniraj, S. R., and Havanagi, V. G.(1999b). “Geotechnical characteristics of fly ash-soil mixtures.” Geotech. Eng. J., 30(2), 129–147.
Kaniraj, S. R., and Havanagi, V. G.(2001). “Behavior of cement stabilized fiber-reinforced fly ash-soil mixtures.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(7), 574–584.
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). (2001). 〈http://maestro.unep.or.jp/CTT_DATA/WASTE/WASTE_6/html/Waste-157.html〉 (Nov. 16 2001).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 27, 2001
Accepted: Aug 27, 2002
Published online: Aug 15, 2003
Published in print: Sep 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.