TECHNICAL PAPERS
Sep 1, 2000

Modeling Pedestrian Dynamics in Montreal's Underground City

Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 5

Abstract

This study is an examination of the daily dynamics and system stability of pedestrian movement within an extensive, indoor walkway system. Temporal and spatial stability in the distribution of pedestrians was established using an efficient census-taking technique. It was found that the spatial distribution of pedestrians was weakly related to the integration of the Underground system. Centrally located links were marginally more attractive to pedestrians. Relatively minor differences in pedestrian distribution were discovered between weekday and weekend day. The absence of directional flows over time was also observed. The highly stable dynamic structure of the Underground is in direct relationship with a describable urban environment. This paper concludes with recommendations for research into other explanatory environmental factors.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Ashish Sen and Associates, Inc. ( 1989). Greater Chicago central business district pedestrian survey and interview study, Department of Planning, Chicago.
2.
Besner, J. (1991). “Montréal Underground: A model of partnership.” Actualité Immobilière, 12–18.
3.
Bhalla, M. K., and Pant, P. D. (1985). “Pedestrian traffic on Cincinnati Skywalk system.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 111(2), 95–104.
4.
Blue, V., and Adler, J. (1999). “Emergent fundamental pedestrian flows from cellular automata microsimulation.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1644, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 29–36.
5.
Borgers, A., and Timmermans, H. J. P. (1986a). “City centre entry points, store location patterns and pedestrian route choice behaviour: A microlevel simulation model.” Socio-Economic Plng. Sci., 20(1), 25–31.
6.
Borgers, A., and Timmermans, H. J. P. (1986b). “A model of pedestrian route choice and demand for retail facilities within inner-city shopping areas.” Geographical Analysis, 18(2), 115–128.
7.
Brown, S. (1992). Retail location: A micro-scale perspective, Avebury, Aldershot, U.K.
8.
Davies, R. L., and Bennison, D. J. (1977). “Retailing in the city centre: The characters of shopping streets.” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 69(5), 270–285.
9.
Funahashi, K. (1991). “Experiments on choice of two equivalent paths.” J. Arch. Plng. and Envir. Engrg., 427, 65–70.
10.
Fruin, J. J. (1971). Pedestrian planning and design, Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners, New York.
11.
Gärling, T., and Gärling, E. (1988). “Distance minimization in downtown pedestrian shopping.” Envir. and Plng. A, 20, 547–554.
12.
Hagishima, S., Mitsuyoshi, K., and Kurose, S. (1987). “Estimation of pedestrian shopping trips in a neighborhood by using a spatial interaction model.” Envir. and Plng. A, 1139–1152.
13.
Hillier, B., and Hanson, J. (1984). The social logic of space, Cambridge University Press, London.
14.
Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewsky, T., and Xu, J. (1993). “Natural movement: Configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement.” Envir. and Plng. B: Plng. and Design, 20, 29–66.
15.
Lorch, B. J., and Smith, M. J. (1993). “Pedestrian movement and the downtown enclosed shopping center.” J. Am. Plng. Assoc., 59, 75–86.
16.
Lovas, G. G. (1994). “Modeling and simulation of pedestrian traffic flow.” Transp. Res., Part B: Methodological, 28B, 6, 429–443.
17.
Peponis, J., Hadjinikolaou, E., Livieratos, C., and Fatouros, D. A. (1989). “The spatial core of urban culture.” Ekistics, 56, 43–55.
18.
Pushkarev, B., and J. Zupan (1975). Urban space for pedestrians, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
19.
Seneviratne, P., and Fraser, P. (1991). “Issues related to planning for pedestrian needs in central business districts.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1141, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 7–14.
20.
Seneviratne, P. N. (1985). “Acceptable walking distances in central areas.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 111(4), 365–376.
21.
Teklenburg, J. A. F., Borgers, A. W. J., van der Waerden, P. J., and Timmermans, H. J. P. ( 1997). “The interdependence of urban layout, shop location and pedestrian flows.” Paper Presented at the 28th Annual Conf. of the Envir. Design Res. Assoc., Edmond, Okla.
22.
Teklenburg, J. A. F., Timmermans, H. J. P., and Borgers, A. W. J. (1994). “Changes in urban layout and pedestrian flows.” Environmental Issues, Proc., Seminar A, PTRC Transport, Highways and Planning Summer Annual Meeting, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, U.K., 97–108.
23.
Timmermans, H. J. P. ( 1993). “Retail environments and spatial shopping behavior.” Behavior and environment: Psychological and geographical approaches, T. Gärling and R. G. Golledge, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 342–377.
24.
Virkler, M. R., and Elayadath, S. (1994). “Pedestrian speed-flow-density relationships.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1438, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 51–58.
25.
Zacharias, J. (1993). “Reconsidering the impacts of enclosed shopping centres: a study of pedestrian behaviour around and within a festival market in Montreal.” Landscape and Urban Plng., 26, 149–160.
26.
Zacharias, J. (1997). “The impact of layout and visual stimuli on the itineraries and perceptions of pedestrians in a public market.” Envir. and Plng. B: Plng. and Design, 23, 23–35.
27.
Zacharias, J. (1999). “Predicting trading level in the Underground of Montreal: Significance of office building location.” Proc., 8th Int. Underground Space Conf. of the Associated Research Centres for Urban Underground Space, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China, 332–337.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Transportation Engineering
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 126Issue 5September 2000
Pages: 405 - 412

History

Received: Aug 23, 1999
Published online: Sep 1, 2000
Published in print: Sep 2000

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

John Zacharias
Assoc. Prof., PhD, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, PQ, Canada H3G 1M8. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share