TECHNICAL PAPERS
Aug 1, 1984

Computer Assisted Cartography: Graphics or Geometry?

Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 2

Abstract

A classification of interactive graphic systems, currently used to prepare plans and maps in surveying practice, is presented. The first generation of systems are graphics editors storing drawings that can be graphically changed and redrawn. A second generation of systems provides the same functionality as the first, but the user can add certain types of information to the graphical elements (e.g., tube diameter or material). The state‐of‐the‐art third generation of systems internally stores models of reality. Drawings and reports produced in varying formats are just operations to make these internal models visible to the user. Such systems can automatically maintain constraints on the model during changes. This classification seems to reflect a very general trend in computer applications toward systems that integrate an increasing amount of knowledge about reality.

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References

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Burton, W., “Logical and Physical Data Types in Geographical Information Systems,” Geo‐Processing I, 1979, p. 167.
2.
Corbett, T., and Fransworth, G., “Theoretical Bases of Dual Independent Map Encoding (DIME),” Proceedings of the International DIME Colloquim Conference, Census Bureau, Washington, D.C., 1973.
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Cox, N. J., et al., “A Relational Data Base System and a Proposal For a Geographical Data Type,” Geo‐Processing I, 1980, p. 217.
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Cranford, G. F., “Editing and Updating Geographic Base Files—A Discussion of Practical Processing Alternatives,” First International Advanced Study Symposium on Topological Data Structures for Geographic Information Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1978.
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Feigenbaum, E., and McCorduck, P., “The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World,” Addison‐Wesley Publishing Company, 1983.
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Frank, Andrew, “MAPQUERY: Data Base Query Language for Retrieval of Geometric Data and their Graphical Representation,” Proceedings, SIGGRAPH '82 Conference Proceedings, Computer Graphics, Vol. 16, No. 3, July, 1982.
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Frank, Andrew, “Data Structures for Land Information Systems—Semantic, Topological, and Spatial Relations in Data of Geological Sciences,” thesis presented to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, at Zurich, Switzerland, in 1983, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences.
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Go to Journal of Surveying Engineering
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 110Issue 2August 1984
Pages: 159 - 168

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Published online: Aug 1, 1984
Published in print: Aug 1984

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Andrew U. Frank
Univ. of Maine at Orono, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Orono, Me. 04469

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