Macrometer Satellite Surveying
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 2
Abstract
The Global Positioning System provides relative positions to 1–2 ppm with anrobservation time of 2–3 hr. The quality does not depend on weather; there is no intervisibility between stations required. The inner and minimal constraint solutions are introduced for the quality control of GPS vector observation. The problems of network maintenance assume new significance in view of the high quality of GPS observations. The 3‐ and 2‐dimensional transformations are introduced for implementing GPS vector observations into existing networks. The 3‐dimensional transformation is parameterized by scale, 3 translations, and 3 rotations. This transformation is unique, i.e., the same a posteriori variance of unit weight and residuals are obtained, even though there are different choices for the rotations. The 2‐dimensional transformation is carried out on the ellipsoid. A combined adjustment of all terrestrial and GPS observations of a local area avoids dealing with network distortions. The primary quantities are the observations and not the coordinates.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Baarda, W., “The Expanding Neighborhood of the Geometry,” Proceedings of the XVI International Congress of FIG, Montreux, Switzerland, 1981.
2.
Bock, Y., Abbot, R. I., Counselman, C. C., and Gourevitch, R. W., “Geodetic Accuracy of the Macrometer Model V‐1000,” presented at the XVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, West Germany, Aug. 15–27, 1983.
3.
Counselman, C. C., Abbot, R. I., Gourevitch, S. A., King, R. W., and Paradis, A. R., “Centimeter‐Level Relative Positioning with GPS,” Journal of Surveying Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 2, Aug., 1983.
4.
Gelder, B. V., and Leick, A., “On Similarity Transformation and Geodetic Network Distortions Based on Doppler Satellite Observations,” Report of the Department of Geodetic Science, No. 235, Ohio State University, 1975.
5.
Halmos, F., Kada, I., and Karsay, F., “Local Adjustment by Least Squares,” Bulletin Geodesique, No. 111, Mar., 1974.
6.
Halmos, F., and Kadar, I., “An Attempt to Interpret Physically the Notion—System of Geodetic Information,” Bulletin Geodesique, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1977.
7.
Heuerman, H. R., and Senus, W. J., “Navstar Global Positioning System,” Journal of Surveying Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 2, Aug., 1983.
8.
Leick, A., Geometric Geodesy, 3D Geodesy, Conformal Mapping, Class Notes, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Me., 1980.
9.
Leick, A., “Minimal Constraints in Two‐Dimensional Networks,” Journal of Surveying Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. 2, Aug., 1982.
10.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geodetic Networks and Computations of the International Association of Geodesy, R. Sigl, ed., Deutsche Geodaetische Kommission, Reihe B, No. 258/VIII, Munich, Germany, Aug. 31–Sept. 5, 1981.
11.
Schwarz, C. R., “Trav10 Horizontal Network Adjustment Program,” NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS‐12, 1978.
12.
Schwarz, K. P., “Combination of Spatial Networks Using an Estimated Covariance Matrix,” Bulletin Geodesique, No. 112, June, 1974.
13.
Vincenty, T., “The HAVAGO Three‐Dimensional Adjustment Program,” NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS‐17, 1979.
14.
Vanicek, P., and Krakiwsky, E., Geodesy—The Concepts, North‐Holland Publishing Co., 1982.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 ASCE.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1984
Published in print: Aug 1984
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.