3D Solid Finite-Element Analysis of Cyclically Loaded RC Structures Allowing Embedded Reinforcement Slippage
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 4
Abstract
It is a well established experimental fact that slippage of reinforcement may sometimes play an important role in the response of cyclically loaded reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially in cases of beam-column subassemblages. In the past, analyses with 2D plane or 3D solid finite elements that assume a nonlinear bond-slip relationship to describe an arbitrary response of the interface have only been performed using elements connecting concrete nodes with discrete reinforcement nodes. This modeling exhibits restrictions in the bar topology, which can be removed only with embedded reinforcement formulations. In the present work, a 3D solid element, based on a simple smeared crack one-parameter model that describes concrete’s triaxial stress-strain behavior is extended for cases of cyclically loaded RC structures, allowing embedded reinforcement slippage. This modeling is combined with an existing bond-slip mathematical description to give stable numerical results. The proposed procedure is applied successfully in a long anchorage rebar test, as well as two cases of bond critical exterior and interior column-beam joints, and numerical results compare well with existing experimental data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support for this work, for the first writer, was provided by the “IRAKLEITOS Basic Research oriented Fellowships,” cofunded by the European Social Fund (75%) and National Resources (25%). This support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
ACI Committee. (1997). “Finite element analysis of fracture in concrete structures: State of the art report.” Rep. No. 446:3E-97, ACI, Detroit.
Ayoub, A. (2006). “Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beam-columns with bond-slip.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(11), 1177–1186.
Ayoub, A., and Filippou, F. C. (1999). “Mixed formulation of bond-slip problems under cyclic loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(6), 661–671.
Barzegar, F., and Maddipudi, S. (1994). “Generating reinforcement in finite-element modelling of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 120(5), 1656–1662.
Barzegar, F., and Maddipudi, S. (1997). “Three-dimensional modelling of concrete structures. II: Reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(10), 1347–1356.
Bathe, K. J. (1996). Finite element procedures, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Bazant, Z. P. (1976). “Instability, ductility and size effect in strain softening concrete.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., 102(2), 331–344.
Bazant, Z. P. (1984). “Imbricate continuum and its variational derivation.” J. Eng. Mech., 110(12), 1693–1712.
CEB. (1996). “RC Elements under cyclic loading.” State of the art report, Thomas Telford, London.
CEB-FIP. (1993). CEB-FIP model code 1990, Thomas Telford, London.
Ciampi, V., Eligehausen, R., Bertero, V., and Popov, E. P. (1982). “Analytical model for concrete anchorages of reinforcing bars under generalized excitations.” UCB/EERC No. 82-23, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Coronelli, D., and Mulas, M. G. (2001). “Local-global approach in the seismic analysis of R/C frames including bond slip effects.” Eng. Struct., 23(8), 911–925.
Del Toro Rivera, R. (1988). “Behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints under alternated loading.” Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris.
Eligehausen, R., Popov, E. P., and Bertero, V. V. (1983). “Local bond stress-slip relationships of deformed bars under generalized excitations.” UCB/EERC No. 83-23, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Elwi, A. E., and Hrudey, T. M. (1989). “Finite element model for curved embedded reinforcement.” J. Eng. Mech., 115(4), 740–754.
Fedeas Library. (2006). ⟨http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~filippou/Research/fedeas.htm⟩ (Apr. 17, 2006).
Filippou, F. C., Popov, E. P., and Bertero, V. V. (1983). “Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behaviour of reinforced concrete joints.” UCB/EERC No. 83-19, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Fleury, F. (1996). “Prediction of the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic loading: Proposal of a global model for beam/column joints integrating the behaviour of steel/concrete bond.” Ph.D. thesis of Blaise Pascal—Clermond II Univ., France.
Fleury, F., Reynouard, J. M., and Merabet, O. (1999). “Finite element implementation of a steel-concrete bond law for nonlinear analysis of beam-column joints subjected to earthquake type loading.” Struct. Eng. Mech., 7(1), 35–52.
Girard, C., and Bastien, J. (2002). “Finite element bond slip model for concrete columns under cyclic loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 128(12), 1502–1510.
Hartl, H. (2002). “Development of a continuum mechanics based tool for 3d FEA of RC Structures and application to problems of soil-structure interaction.” Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Graz Univ. of Technology.
Jirasek, M., and Bazant, Z. P. (2002). Inelastic analysis of structures, Wiley, West Sussex, England.
Kotsovos, M. D., and Pavlovic, M. N. (1995). Structural concrete, finite element analysis for limit state design, Thomas Telford, London.
Kwak, H. G., and Filippou, F. C. (1997). “Nonlinear FE analysis of R/C structures under monotonic loads.” Comput. Struct., 65, 1–16.
Leon, R. T. (1990). “Shear strength and hysteretic behaviour of interior beam-column joints.” ACI Struct. J., 87(1), 3–11.
Limkatanyu, S., and Spacone, E. (2003). “Effects of reinforcement slippage on the nonlinear response under cyclic loadings of RC frame structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32, 2407–2424.
Lowes, L. N. (1999). “Finite element modeling of reinforced concrete beam-column bridge connections.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Lowes, L. N., Moehle, J. P., and Govindjee, S. (2004). “Concrete-steel bond model for use in finite element modelling of RC structures.” ACI Struct. J., 101, 501–511.
Luiki, M. (1999). “Rahmenecke als netzbewehrte Schubscheibe.” MSc thesis, Institute for Structural Concrete, TU-Graz, Graz.
Lykidis, G. C., and Spiliopoulos, K. V. (2006). “A 3d solid finite element for reinforced concrete analysis allowing slippage of reinforcement.” Proc., ECCM 2006 (CD-ROM), Lisbon, Portugal.
Menegotto, M., and Pinto, P. E. (1973). “Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and non elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending.” Proc., IABSE Symp. on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads, Lisbon, Portugal, 15–22.
Monti, G., Filippou, F. C., and Spacone, E. (1997). “Finite element for anchored bars under cyclic load reversals.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(5), 614–623.
Monti, G., and Spacone, E. (2000). “Reinforced concrete fiber beam element with bond-slip.” J. Struct. Eng., 126, 654–661.
Rabczuk, T., Akkermann, J., and Eibl, J. (2005). “A numerical model for reinforced concrete structures.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 42, 1327–1354.
Rashid, Y. R. (1968). “Analysis of prestressed concrete pressure vessels.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 7(4), 334–344.
Spiliopoulos, K. V., and Lykidis, G. C. (2006). “An efficient three dimensional solid finite element dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35, 137–157.
Viwathanatepa, S., Popov, E. P., and Bertero, V. V. (1979). “Effects of generalized loadings on bond in reinforcing bars embedded in confined concrete blocks.” UCB/EERC No. 79-22, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 4 • April 2008
Pages: 629 - 638
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 24, 2006
Accepted: Oct 18, 2007
Published online: Apr 1, 2008
Published in print: Apr 2008
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Elisa D. Sotelino
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.