Failure of Lightly Reinforced Concrete Members under Fire. II: Parametric Studies and Design Considerations
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper deals with the behavior of lightly reinforced concrete members under fire conditions, focusing on the failure state associated with rupture of the reinforcement. The work transpires from the need to examine the underlying mechanisms related to the failure of composite floor slabs, which become effectively lightly reinforced in a fire situation due to the early loss of the steel deck. The analytical model proposed in the companion paper is utilized to perform a parametric investigation into the salient factors influencing the failure of lightly reinforced restrained members. A detailed account of the analytical results is given, and the relative importance of the main material and geometric parameters is illustrated. It is shown that in addition to temperature effects, the bond characteristics, member length, and the steel material response have a direct and significant influence on failure. The implications on structural fire resistance are highlighted, and simplified expressions for failure prediction, which capture the effect of key parameters, are proposed. This work provides a necessary step toward a fundamental methodology which may be employed for developing quantified failure criteria, with a view to the provision of more rational performance based approaches for structural fire design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Concrete Institute. (1999). “Cracking of concrete members in direct tension.” ACI manual of concrete practice. Part 3: American Concrete Institute, Rep. ACI 224.2R-92, Detroit, 224.2R/1–224.2R/12.
Bailey, C. G., and Moore, D. B.(2000a). “The structural behaviour of steel frames with composite floor slabs subject to fire. Part 1: Theory.” Struct. Eng., 78(11), 19–27.
Bailey, C. G., and Moore, D. B.(2000b). “The structural behaviour of steel frames with composite floor slabs subject to fire. Part 2: Design.” Struct. Eng., 78(11), 28–33.
Bailey, C. G., White, D. S., and Moore, D. B.(2000). “The tensile membrane action of unrestrained composite slabs under fire conditions.” Eng. Struct., 22, 1583–1595.
Bosco, C., Carpinteri, A., and Debernardi, P. G.(1990). “Minimum reinforcement in high-strength concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 116(2), 427–437.
Buchanan, A. H. (2001). Structural design for fire safety, Wiley, New York.
Elghazouli, A. Y., and Izzuddin, B. A.(2000). “Response of idealised composite beam-slab systems under fire conditions.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 56(3), 199–224.
Elghazouli, A. Y., and Izzuddin, B. A.(2001). “Analytical assessment of the structural performance of composite floors subject to compartment fires.” Fire Saf. J., 36, 769–793.
EC2. (1995). “Eurocode 2, design of concrete structures, ENV1992-1-2: 1996, part 1.2 general rules—Structural fire design.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels.
EC4. (1995). “Eurocode 4, design of composite steel and concrete structures, ENV 1994-1-2, Part 1.2 general rules—Structural fire design.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels.
Gillie, M., Usmani, A. S., and Rotter, J. M.(2001). “A structural analysis of the first cardington test.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 57, 581–601.
Huang, Z. H., Burgess, I. W., and Plank, R. J.(1999). “Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to fire.” ACI Struct. J., 96(1), 127–35.
Izzuddin, B. A., and Elghazouli, A. Y.(2004). “Failure of lightly reinforced concrete members under fire. I: Analytical modeling.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(1), 3–17.
Izzuddin, B. A., Elghazouli, A. Y., and Tao, X. Y. (2002). “Realistic modelling of composite floor slabs under fire conditions.” Proc., 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conf., Columbia University, New York.
Johnson, P. F. (1998). “International developments in fire engineering of steel structures.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 46(1–3), Paper No. 415.
Kirby, B. R. (1997). “British steel technical european fire test programme—Design, construction and results.” Fire, static and dynamic tests of building structures, G. Armer and T. O’Dell, eds., Spon, London.
Neville, A. M. (1995). Properties of concrete, Longman, London.
O’Connor, M. A., and Martin, D. M. (1998). “Behaviour of a multi-storey steel framed building subjected to fire attack.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 46(1–3), Paper No. 169.
Park, R., and Gamble, W. L. (2000). Reinforced concrete slabs, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Park, R., and Paulay, T. (1975). Reinforced concrete structures, Wiley, New York.
Robinson, J. (1998). “Fire—A technical challenge and a market oppotunity.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 46(1–3), Paper No. 415.
Royles, R., Morley, P. D., and Khan, M. R. (1982). “The behaviour of reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures with particular reference to bond strength.” Bond in concrete, P. Bartos, ed., Applied Science Publishers, London, 217–228.
Sager, H., and Rostasy, F. S. (1982). “The effect of elevated temperature on the bond behaviour of embeded reinforcing bars.” Bond in concrete, P. Bartos, ed., Applied Science Publishers, London, 206–216.
Wang, Y. C., Lennon, T., and Moore, D. B.(1995). “The behaviour of steel frames subject to fire.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 35, 291–322.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 130 • Issue 1 • January 2004
Pages: 18 - 31
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 4, 2002
Accepted: Jan 24, 2003
Published online: Dec 15, 2003
Published in print: Jan 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.