Failure Modes of Bolted-Sheet-Steel Connections Loaded in Shear
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 3
Abstract
To ensure that accurate failure-mode assessments are made, and ultimately to ensure that accurate design equations are formulated, a detailed analysis is needed of the procedure used to identify the cause of a connection failure. Misidentification of failure modes and the misuse of data can lead to serious errors in the accuracy and applicability of design equations. The load-capacity formulations presented in the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specification cannot be used to accurately predict the failure modes of thin cold-formed sheet-steel bolted connections that are loaded in shear. A modification to the bearing-coefficient provisions, to account for the reduced bearing resistance of the connected materials, is necessary and has been proposed by the writers in recent papers. A revision of the net-section fracture design method is also required. Recommendations concerning the procedure that is used to identify the net-section fracture and bearing-failure modes are made in this paper.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
“1996 edition of the specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” (1997). American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C.
2.
“Changes to specification and commentary sections C2, E2, E3.2, E3.3, and E5, combined LRFD and ASD.” (1998). Ballot C/S96-66D, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C.
3.
Chong, K. P., and Matlock, R. B. (1975). “Light-gage steel bolted connections without washers.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 101(7), 1381–1391.
4.
“Cold formed steel structural members.” CSA S 136, Canadian Standards Association, Etobicoke, Ont., Canada.
5.
“Cold-formed steel structures.” (1996). AS/NZS 4600, Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
6.
“Design of steel structures, Part. 1.3–general rules, supplementary rules for cold formed thin gauge members and sheeting.” (1996). Eurocode 3, European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium.
7.
Dhalla, A. K., and Winter, G. (1974). “Suggested steel ductility requirements.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 100(2), 445–462.
8.
Gilchrist, R. T., and Chong, K. P. (1979). “Thin light-gage bolted connections without washers.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 105(1), 175–183.
9.
LaBoube, R. A. (1988). “Strength of bolted connections: Is it bearing or net section?” Proc., 9th Int. Spec. Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Struct., University of Missouri–Rolla, Rolla, Miss., 589–601.
10.
Popowich, D. W. ( 1969). “Tension capacity of bolted connections in light gage cold-formed steel,” thesis presented for MS degree, School of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
11.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1996). “Ductility of G550 sheet steels in tension—elongation measurements and perforated tests.” Res. Rep. No. R735, Ctr. for Advanced Structural Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
12.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1997a). “Ductility of G550 sheet steels in tension.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 123(12), 1586–1594.
13.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1997b). “Bolted connection tests of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels.” Res. Rep. No. R749, Ctr. for Advanced Structural Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
14.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1998a). “Bolted connection tests of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 124(7), 798–808.
15.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1998b). “New bolted connection design formulae for G550 and G300 sheet steels less than 1.0 mm thick.” Res. Rep. No. R769, Ctr. for Advanced Structural Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
16.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1998c). “Failure modes of bolted sheet steel connections loaded in shear.” Res. Rep. No. R772, Ctr. for Advanced Structural Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
17.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1999a). “Bolted connection design for sheet steels less than 1.0 mm thick.” J. of Construct. Steel Res., 51(2), 123–146.
18.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1999b). “Bearing design of cold formed steel bolted connections.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Steel and Aluminium Struct., P. Makelainen and P. Hassinen, eds., Elsevier Science, New York, 601–608.
19.
Seleim, S., and LaBoube, R. A. (1996). “Behavior of low ductility steels in cold-formed steel connections.” Thin-Walled Struct., 25(2), 135–150.
20.
“Standard specification for steel sheet, 55% aluminum-zinc alloy-coated by the hot-dip process.” (1994c). ASTM A 792, ASTM, W. Conshohocken, Pa.
21.
“Standard specification for steel, sheet, carbon, cold-rolled, structural quality.” (1994a). ASTM A 611, ASTM, W. Conshohocken, Pa.
22.
“Standard specification for steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip process.” (1994b). ASTM A 653, ASTM, W. Conshohocken, Pa.
23.
Stark, J. W. B., and Tomà, A. W. (1978). “Connections in cold-formed sections and steel sheets.” Proc., 4th Int. Spec. Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Struct., University of Missouri–Rolla, Rolla, Miss., 951–987.
24.
Stark, J. W. B., and Tomà, A. W. ( 1982). “Chapter 5: Connections in thin-walled structures.” Developments in thin-walled structures, J. Rhodes and A. C. Walker, eds., Applied Science Publishers, London, U.K.
25.
“Steel sheet and strip—hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc coated.” (1993). AS 1397, Standards Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
26.
Winter, G. (1956). “Tests on bolted connections in light gage steel.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 82(2), 920-1–920-25.
27.
Yu, W. W., and Mosby, R. L. (1981). “Bolted connections in cold-formed steel structures.” Final Rep., Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Missouri–Rolla, Rolla, Miss.
28.
Yu, W. W. (1982). “AISI design criteria for bolted connections.” Proc. 6th Int. Spec. Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Struct., University of Missouri–Rolla, Rolla, Miss., 675–698.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Jun 14, 1999
Published online: Mar 1, 2000
Published in print: Mar 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.