TECHNICAL PAPERS
Sep 1, 1999

Void-Filled SHS Beams Subjected to Large Deformation Cyclic Bending

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 9

Abstract

Local buckling and plastic hinges may occur in the compression flange of square hollow-section (SHS) beams under high amplitude cyclic bending arising from earthquakes. Once a local mechanism forms, residual strength rapidly reduces within a few cycles. This is even true for compact sections that have adequate rotation capacity under static bending. This paper compares the behavior of empty, and void-filled, cold-formed square hollow sections subjected to large deformation cyclic bending. A model is developed to estimate the ultimate moment capacity of void-filled SHS beams. The filler material used was normal concrete, low strength concrete, lightweight concrete and polyurethane. Experimental results show that void filling significantly increases ductility—and thus the number of bending cycles SHS beams can be subjected to—in overloaded situations.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Alikhail, M., Zhao, X. L., Koss, L., Grundy, P., and Dagg, H. ( 1998). “Light-weight floor system utilising thin-walled high-strength RHS sections.” Tubular structures VIII, Y. S. Choo and G. J. van der Vegte, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 625–634.
2.
Bergmann, R. et al. (1995). CIDECT design guide for concrete-filled hollow section columns under seismic and seismic loading. Verlag TÜV Rheinland GmbH, Köln, Germany.
3.
Bruneau, M. (1998). “Performance of steel bridges during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe, Japan) earthquake—a North American perspective.” Engrg. Struct., 30(12), 1063–1078.
4.
Cimpoeru, S. J., and Murray, N. W. (1993). “The lage-deflection pure bending properties of a square thin-walled tube.” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 35(3/4), 247–256.
5.
“Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: Hot-rolled sections—structural use of steelwork in building.” (1990). BS5950 Part 1, British Standards Institute (BSI), London, U.K.
6.
“Eurocode 3.” (1992). Design of Steel Structures: Part 1.1—General Rules and Rules for Buildings, ENV 1993-1-1: 1992E, British Standards Institute (BSI), London, U.K.
7.
Fukumoto, Y., and Kusama, H. (1985). “Cyclic bending tests of thin-walled box beams.” Proc., JSCE Struct. Engrg./Earthquake Engrg., 2(1), 141–151.
8.
Ge, H. B., and Usami, T. (1996). “Cyclic tests of concrete-filled steel box columns.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 122(10), 1169–1177.
9.
Grzebieta, R. H., Kilner, A. A., and Murray, N. W. ( 1995). “Gross bending deformation of void-filled square tubes.” Structural stability and design, Kitipornchai, Hancock, and Bradford, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 397–403.
10.
Grzebieta, R. H., and White, G. J. ( 1994). “Void-filled square cantilever steel tubes subject to gross plastic deformation.” Tubular structures VI, Grundy, Holgate, and Wong, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 255–262.
11.
Grzebieta, R. H., Zhao, X. L., and Purza, F. (1997). “Multiple low cycle fatigue of SHS tubes subjected to gross pure bending deformation.” Proc., 5th Int. Colloquium on Stability and Ductility of Steel Struct., University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan, 847–854.
12.
Hajjar, J. F., and Gourley, B. C. (1997). “A cyclic nonlinear model for concrete-filled tubes. I: Formulation.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 123(6), 736–744.
13.
Hajjar, J. F., Gourley, B. C., and Olson, M. C. (1997). “A cyclic nonlinear model for concrete-filled tubes. II: Verification.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 123(6), 745–754.
14.
Hancock, G. J., and Zhao, X. L. (1992). “Research into the strength of cold-formed tubular sections.” J. Construct. Steel Res., 23, 55–72.
15.
Hasan, S. W., and Hancock, G. J. (1989). “Plastic bending tests of cold-formed rectangular hollow sections.” J. Australian Inst. of Steel Constr., 23(4), 2–19.
16.
Kawaguchi, J., Morino, S., and Sugimoto, T. ( 1997). “Elastic-plastic behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular frames.” Compos. Constr. in Steel and Concrete III, C. D. Buckner and B. M. Shahrooz, eds., American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 272–281.
17.
Key, P. W., Hasan, S. W., and Hancock, G. J. (1988). “Column behaviour of cold-formed hollow sections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 114(2), 390–407.
18.
Kitada, T. (1998). “Ultimate strength and ductility of state-of-the-art concrete-filled steel bridge piers in Japan.” Engrg. Struct., 20(4–6), 347–354.
19.
Kitipornchai, S., Al-Bermani, F. G. A., and Murray, N. R. (1993). “Eccentrically connected cleat plates in compression.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 119(3), 767–781.
20.
Korol, R. M., and Hudoba, J. (1972). “Plastic behaviour of hollow structural sections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 98(5), 1007–1023.
21.
Kurobane, Y., and Ogawa, K. ( 1996). “Kobe earthquake damage to high-rise Ashiyahama apartment buildings: Brittle tensile failure of box sections columns.” Tubular structures VII, Farkas and Jamai, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 277–284.
22.
Kvedara, A. K., and Sapalas, A. (1999). “Research and practice of concrete-filled steel tubes in Lithuania.” J. Construct. Steel Res., 49(2), 197–212.
23.
“Limit state design of steel structures.” (1989). CAN/CSA-S16.1-M89, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ont., Canada.
24.
Liu, Z. Y., and Goel, S. (1988). “Cyclic load behaviour of concrete-filled tubular braces.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 114(7), 1488–1506.
25.
Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings. (1993). American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Ill.
26.
Lu, Y. Q., and Kennedy, D. J. L. (1994). “The flexural behaviour of concrete-filled hollow structural sections.” Can. J. Civil Engrg., 21(1), 111–130.
27.
Mashiri, F., Zhao, X. L., and Grundy, P. ( 1998). “Effects of welded defects on the fatigue life of welded connections in thin-walled SHS sections.” Tubular Structures VIII, Y. S. Choo and G. J. van der Vegte, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 331–330.
28.
Matsui, C. (1986). “Strength and deformation capacity of frames composed of wide flange beams and concrete filled square steel tubular columns.” Proc., 1st Pacific Struct. Steel Conf., Auckland, New Zealand, New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Assoc., Manukau City, New Zealand, 169–181.
29.
“Methods for tensile testing of metals.” (1991). Australian standard AS1391, Standards Association of Australia, Sydney, Australia.
30.
Morino, S. et al. (1996). “US-Japan cooperative earthquake research program on CFT column systems.” Proc., 5th Int. Colloquium on Stability of Metal Structures (North Am. Session)—Future Directions in Stability: Res. and Des., Structural Stability Research Council, Bethlehem, Pa., 83–92.
31.
Nakai, H., Kitada, T., Nakanishi, K., Sugiyama, I., and Kouno, Y. (1994). “Experimental study on ultimate strength and ductility of concrete filled thin-walled steel box columns after receiving seismic loading.”J. Struct. Engrg., JSCE, 40, 1401–1412.
32.
Packer, J. A. (1995). “Concrete-filled HSS connections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(3), 458–467.
33.
Packer, J. A., and Henderson, J. E. (1992). Design guide for hollow structural section connections. Canadian Institute of Steel Construction, Ontario, Canada.
34.
Ricles, J. M. (1995). “Seismic performance of CFT columns-to-WF beam moment connections.” Proc., 3rd Int. Workshop on Connections in Steel Struct., University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
35.
Rondal, J., Wurker, K. G., Dutta, D., Wardenier, J., and Yeomans, N. (1996). Structural stability of hollow sections, Verlag TÜV Rheinland GmbH, Köln, Germany.
36.
Sakino, K., and Tommi, M. (1981). “Hysteretic behaviour of concrete filled square steel tubular beam-columns failed in flexure.” Trans. Japan Concrete Inst., 3, 439–446.
37.
Schneider, S. P. (1998). “Axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubes.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 124(10), 1125–1138.
38.
Shakir-Khalil, H. (1997). “Connection of steel beams to concrete-filled tubular columns.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Compos. Constr. Conventional and Innovative, Composite Construction, Zurich, Switzerland, 878–879.
39.
Sherman, D., and Sully, R. M. (1995). “Tubular bracing members under cyclic loading.” Proc., 3rd Pacific Struct. Steel Conf., National University of Singapore, Singapore.
40.
Sohal, I. S., and Chen, W. F. (1987). “Local buckling and inelastic behaviour of tubular members.” Thin-Walled Struct., 5, 455–475.
41.
“Standard for limit state design of steel structures.” (1990). Draft, Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
42.
“Steel structures.” (1998). Australian standard AS 4100, Standards Association of Australia, Sydney, Australia.
43.
Stranghoner, N., Sedlacek, G., and Boeraeve, P. ( 1994). “Rotation requirement and rotation capacity of rectangular, square and circular hollow sections.” Tubular struct. VI, Grundy, Holgate, and Wong, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 143–150.
44.
Sully, R. M., and Hancock, G. J. (1996). “Behaviour of cold-formed SHS beam-columns.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 122(3), 326–336.
45.
Walpole, W. R. (1995). “Behaviour of cold-formed steel RHS members under cyclic loading.” Tech. Conf., New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, Waikanae, New Zealand.
46.
Wardenier, J. (1982). Hollow section joints. Delft Univerity Press, Delft, The Netherlands.
47.
Wilkinson, T., and Hancock, G. J. (1998). “Tests to examine compact web slenderness of cold-formed RHS.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 124(10), 1166–1176.
48.
Wright, H. D. (1994). “Local buckling of filled sections.” Proc., 12th Int. Spec. Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Struct., University of Missouri–Rolla, Rolla, Mo., 421–436.
49.
Wright, H. D. (1995). “Local stability of filled and encased steel sections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(10), 1382–1388.
50.
Zhang, Q., and Brahmachari, K. ( 1994). “Flexural behaviour of rectangular tubular sections filled with fibrous high strength concrete.” Tubular structures VI, Grundy, Holgate, and Wong, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 247–254.
51.
Zhao, X. L., and Goldberg, E. (1997). “Web crippling of partially stiffened RHS sections.” Proc., 5th Int. Colloquium on Stability and Ductility of Steel Struct., Nagoya, Japan, 173–180.
52.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1991a). “T-joints in rectangular hollow sections subject to combined actions.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 117(8), 2258–2277.
53.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1991b). “Tests to determine plate slenderness limits for cold-formed rectangular hollow sections of grade C450.” Steel Constr., Australia, 25(4), 2–16.
54.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1992). “Square and rectangular hollow sections subject to combined actions.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(3), 648–668.
55.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1995a). “Butt welds and transverse fillet welds in thin cold-formed RHS members.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(11), 1674–1682.
56.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1995b). “Longitudinal fillet welds in thin cold-formed RHS member.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(11), 1683–1690.
57.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1995c). “Square and rectangular hollow sections under transverse end bearing force.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(11), 1565–1573.
58.
Zhao, X. L., and Hancock, G. J. (1998). “Recent research on cold-formed tubular structures.” J. Construct. Steel Res., 46(1–3).
59.
Zhao, X. L., Hancock, G. J., and Sully, R. M. (1996). “Design of tubular members and connections using amendment No. 3 to AS4100.” Steel Constr., 30(4), 2–15.
60.
Zhao, X. L., Hancock, G. J., and Trahair, N. S. (1995). “Lateral buckling tests of cold-formed RHS beams.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(9), 1323–1329.
61.
Zhao, X. L., and Mahendran, M. (1998). “Recent innovations in cold-formed tubular sections.” J. Construct. Steel Res., 46(1–3).

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 125Issue 9September 1999
Pages: 1020 - 1027

History

Received: Jan 7, 1999
Published online: Sep 1, 1999
Published in print: Sep 1999

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Member, ASCE
Sr. Lect., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
Sr. Lect., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share