Active Control of Transmission Tower under Stochastic Wind
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 11
Abstract
An active mass driver has been designed for installation on the upper observation deck of the 310 m Nanjing TV transmission tower in China in order to reduce the acceleration response under strong wind gusts. In this paper, the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), H∞, and continuous sliding mode control (CSMC) strategies have been applied to the active mass driver system based on the acceleration feedbacks. Emphasis is placed on the practical applications of LQG, H∞, and CSMC controllers, including limitations on the actuator peak force and stroke, the limited number of sensors, and noise pollution. Further, a method for modulating the control effort for the CSMC controller is proposed in this paper to satisfy the practical constraints on the actuator. A state reduced-order system has been established to design the dynamic output feedback controllers. The wind loads acting on the tower are defined by the Davenport cross-power spectral density matrix. Simulation results demonstrate that, when designed appropriately, the LQG, H∞, and CSMC control strategies are suitable for full-scale implementations of the active mass driver, and their control performances are quite remarkable.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ankireddi, S., and Yang, H. T. Y.(1996). “Simple ATMD control methodology for tall buildings subject to wind loads.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 122(1), 83–91.
2.
Cao, H., Reinhorn, A. M., and Soong, T. T.(1997). “Design of an active mass damper for a tall TV tower in Nanjing, China.”J. Engrg. Struct., 20(3), 134–143.
3.
Davison, E. J.(1966). “A method for simplifying linear dynamic systems.”IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 11(1), 93–101.
4.
Dyke, S. J., Spencer Jr., B. F., Quast, P., Sain, M. K., Kaspari Jr., D. C., and Soong, T. T.(1996). “Acceleration feedback control of MDOF structures.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 122(9), 907–918.
5.
Glover, K., and Doyle, J. C.(1988). “State-space formula for all stabilizing controllers that satisfy an H∞-norm bound and relations to risk sensitivity.”Sys. and Control Letters, 11, 167–172.
6.
Housner, G., and Masri, S., eds. (1994). Proc., 1st World Conf. on Struct. Control, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
7.
Jabbari, F., Schmitendorf, W. E., and Yang, J. N.(1995). “H∞ control for seismic-excited buildings with acceleration feedback.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 121(9), 994–1002.
8.
Kareem, A.(1981). “Wind-excited response of buildings in higher modes.”J. Struct. Div., 107(4), 701–706.
9.
Kose, I. E., Schmitendorf, W. E., Jabbari, F., and Yang, J. N. (1996) “H∞ active seismic response control using static output feedback.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 122(7), 651–659.
10.
Moore, B. C.(1981). “Principal component analysis in linear systems: controllability, observability and model reduction.”IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 26(1), 17–32.
11.
Sae-Ung, S., and Yao, J. T. P.(1978). “Active control of building structures.”J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 104(2), 335–350.
12.
Samali, B., Yang, J. N., and Yeh, C. T.(1985). “Control of lateral-torsional motion of wind-excited buildings.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 111(6), 777–796.
13.
Schmitendorf, W. E., Jabbari, F., and Yang, J. N.(1994). “Robust control techniques for buildings under earthquake excitation.”J. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 23(5), 539–552.
14.
Shinozuka, M. (1985). “Stochastic fields and their digital simulation.”Lecture notes for CISM curse on stochastic methods in structural mechanics, Hermes Publication Ltd., Udine, Italy, 1–44.
15.
Simiu, E., and Scanlan, R. H. (1986). Wind effects on structures, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
16.
Skelton, R. E. (1988). Dynamic systems control: linear systems analysis and synthesis. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
17.
Spencer, B. F., Dyke, S. J., and Deoskar, H. S. (1998a). “Benchmark problems in structural control. I: Active mass driver system.”J. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., in press.
18.
Spencer, B. F., Dyke, S. J., and Deoskar, H. S. (1998b). “Benchmark problems in structural control. II: Active tendon system.”J. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., in press.
19.
Spencer, B. F., and Sain, M. K.(1997). “Controlling buildings: a new frontier in feedback.”J. Control Sys., 17(6), 19–35.
20.
Suhardjo, J., Spencer, B. F., and Kareem, A.(1992). “Frequency domain optimal control of wind excited buildings.”J. Engrg. Mech., 118(12), 2463–2481.
21.
Wu, J. C. (1996). “Active control of wind-excited structures,” PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine, Calif.
22.
Wu, J. C., and Yang, J. N.(1997a). “Continuous sliding mode control of a TV transmission tower under stochastic wind.”Proc., 16th Am. Control Conf., IEEE, New York, 2, 883–887.
23.
Wu, J. C., and Yang, J. N. (1997b). “LQG and H∞ control of a TV transmission tower under stochastic wind.”Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Struct. Safety and Reliability, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
24.
Wu, J. C., Yang, J. N., and Schmitendorf, W.(1998). “Reduced-order H∞ and LQR control for wind-excited tall buildings.”J. Engrg. Struct., 20(3), 222–236.
25.
Yang, J. N., and Giannopoulos, F.(1979a). “Active control and stability of cable-stayed bridge.”J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 105(4), 677–694.
26.
Yang, J. N., and Giannopoulos, F.(1979b). “Active control of two cable-stayed bridges.”J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 105(5), 795–810.
27.
Yang, J. N., and Samali, B.(1983). “Control of tall buildings in along-wind motion.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 109(1), 50–68.
28.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., and Agrawal, A. K.(1995a). “Sliding mode control of nonlinear and hysteretic structures.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 121(12), 1330–1339.
29.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., and Agrawal, A. K.(1995b). “Sliding mode control of seismically excited linear structures.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 121(12), 1386–1390.
30.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., Agrawal, A. K., and Hsu, S. Y.(1997). “Sliding mode control with compensators for wind and seismic response control.”J. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 26, 1137–1156.
31.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., Agrawal, A. K., and Li, Z. (1994). “Sliding mode control of seismic-excited linear and nonlinear civil engineering structures.”Tech. Rep. NCEER-94-0017, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, N.Y.
32.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., Kawashima, K., and Unjoh, S.(1995c). “Hybrid control of seismic-excited bridge structures.”J. Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 24, 1437–1451.
33.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., and Li, Z.(1996a). “Control of seismic-excited buildings using active variable stiffness systems.”J. Engrg. Struct., 18(8), 589–596.
34.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., Reinhorn, A. M., and Riley, M.(1996b). “Control of sliding-isolated buildings using sliding mode control.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 122(2), 179–186.
35.
Yang, J. N., Wu, J. C., Reinhorn, A. M., Riley, M., Schmitendorf, W. E., and Jabbari, F.(1996c). “Experimental verifications of H∞ and sliding mode control for seismic-excited buildings.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 122(1), 69–75.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 11 • November 1998
Pages: 1302 - 1312
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1998
Published in print: Nov 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.