Cyclic Testing of Existing and Retrofitted Riveted Stiffened Seat Angle Connections
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 7
Abstract
A typical riveted stiffened seat angle connection taken from an 83-year-old building was tested to investigate its actual hysteretic behavior and potential moment resistance. Results show that such existing connections can develop a considerable moment resistance, but pinched hysteretic curves indicate they have a relatively low energy dissipation capability. Analytical models for prediction of the moment capacity of these connections are also developed and predicted results based on these models are found to be in good agreement with the test results. Then, two retrofitting schemes are proposed to improve the connection's hysteretic behavior, and the adequacy of the suggested retrofits is verified experimentally. First, the addition of ductile knee-braces is investigated. A “selective welding” approach is developed as a second retrofitting technique. The design philosophy of each retrofitting scheme is explained, and analytical procedures to predict the moment capacity of retrofitted connections are presented. Experimentally obtained hysteretic curves are presented, improvements in the behavior of connections are noted, and comparison with analytical predictions are made.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Astaneh, A., Nader, M. N., and Malik, L.(1989). “Cyclic behavior of double angle connections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 115(5), 1101–1118.
2.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (1992). “NEHRP handbook for seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings.”Rep. FEMA-172, Washington, D.C.
3.
Horne, M. R., and Morris, L. J. (1981). Plastic design of low-rise frames, Granada Publication, London, England, 15–16.
4.
Jones, S. W., Kirby, P. A., and Nethercot, D. A.(1982). “Columns with semirigid joints.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 108(2), 361–372.
5.
Kishi, N., and Chen, W. F.(1990). “Moment-rotation relations of semirigid connections with angles.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 116(7), 1813–1834.
6.
Kulak, G. L., Fisher, J. W., Struik, J. H. A. (1987). Guide to design criteria for bolted and riveted joints, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
7.
Leon, R., Forcier, G. P., Roeder, C. W., and Preece, F. R. (1994). “Cyclic performance of riveted connections.”Proc., 12th ASCE Struct., Congr., ASCE, New York, N.Y., Vol. 2, 1490–1495.
8.
Lewitt, C. W., Chesson, E., and Munse, W. H. (1966). “Restraint characteristics of flexible riveted and bolted beam-to-column connections.”Rep., Dept. Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
9.
Marly, M. J., and Gerstle, K. H. (1982). “Analysis and test of flexibly-connected steel frames.”Rep. Prepared for AISC under Proj. 199, Am. Inst. of Steel Constr. (AISC), Chicago, Ill.
10.
Maxwell, S. M. et al. (1981). “A realistic approach to the performance and application of semi-rigid joints in steel structures.”Joints in structural steel work, J. H. Howlett, W. M. Jenkins, and R. Stansby, eds., Pentech Press, London, England, 2.71–2.98.
11.
Moore, H. F., and Wilson, W. M. (1917). “Tests to determine the rigidity of riveted joints of steel structures.”Engrg. Experiment Station, Bull. No. 104, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
12.
Nader, M. N., and Astaneh, A. (1989). “Experimental studies of a single story steel structure with fixed, semi-rigid and flexible connections.”Rep. No. UCB/EERC-89/15, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
13.
Radziminski, J. B., and Azizinamini, A. (1986). “Low cyclic fatigue of semi-rigid steel beam-to-column connections.”Proc., 3rd U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Earthquake Engrg. Res. Inst. (EERI), El Centro, Calif., Vol. 2, 1285–1296.
14.
Rathbun, J. C. (1935). “Elastic properties of riveted connections.”Trans. ASCE, ASCE, New York, N.Y., Paper No. 1933, Vol. 11, 524–563.
15.
Sarraf, M. H. K. M. (1993). “Experimental study on cyclic behavior of riveted stiffened seat angle connections,” MS thesis, Ottawa-Carleton Inst. for Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
16.
Stefano, M., Luca, A., and Astaneh, A.(1994). “Modeling of cyclic moment-rotation response of double-angle connections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 120(1), 212–229.
17.
Young, C. R., and Jackson, K. B. (1934). “The relative rigidity of welded and riveted connections.”Can. J. Res., Vol. 11, 62–100.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 122 • Issue 7 • July 1996
Pages: 762 - 775
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1996
Published in print: Jul 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.