Innovative Design of FRP Combined with Concrete: Long-Term Behavior
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 7
Abstract
The time-dependent behavior of a new class of hybrid elements consisting of glass-fiber–reinforced-plastic (GFRP) box beams combined with a layer of concrete in the compression flange and a carbon-fiber–reinforced-plastic laminate (CFRP) as additional tension reinforcement is presented in this study. Shrinkage, creep, and fatigue models for concrete are combined with creep and fatigue models for GFRP (based on both laminate theory and semiempirical approaches) to yield a general analysis procedure for predicting the deformation and residual strength response of hybrid GFRP/CFRP/concrete beams subjected to sustained and/or alternating loading. The analytical model predictions are compared with experimental results obtained from creep and fatigue testing of large-scale members, giving very good agreement. The present study shows that the new hybrid beams possess very good time-dependent response characteristics, and the models described here, along with those given in the companion paper for short-term behavior, can be used as analytical tools for the optimum design of such members under both short-term and long-term loading actions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
ACI Committee 215. (1974). “Considerations for design of concrete structures subjected to fatigue loading.”ACI J., (Mar.), 97–121.
2.
ACI Committee 209. (1982). “Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures.”Rep., ACI SP-76: Designing for creep and shrinkage in concrete structures, Am. Concrete Inst. (ACI), Detroit, Mich.
3.
Bitterli, K. (1987). “Fatigue behavior of GFR epoxies with special consideration of shear effects,” PhD thesis, Federal Inst. of Technol. (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland (in German).
4.
Deskovic, N. (1993). “Innovative design of FRP composite members combined with concrete,” PhD thesis, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, Mass.
5.
Deskovic, N., Meier, U., and Triantafillou, T. C. (1995). “Innovative design of FRP combined with concrete: Short-term behavior. J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 121(7), 1069–1078.
6.
Findley, W. N. (1960). “Mechanisms and mechanics of creep of plastics.”SPE J., (Jan.), 57–65.
7.
Holmen, J. O. (1982). “Fatigue of concrete by constant and variable amplitude loading.”Rep., ACI SP-75: Fatigue of Concrete Structures, Am. Concrete Inst. (ACI), Detroit, Mich.
8.
Holmes, M., and Just, D. J. (1983). GRP in structural engineering. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, Essex, England.
9.
Jones, R. M. (1975). Mechanics of composite materials. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y.
10.
Ogin, S. L., Smith, P. A., and Beaumont, P. W. R. (1985). “A stress intensity factor approach to the fatigue growth of transverse ply cracks.”Composites Sci. and Technol., Vol. 24, 47–59.
11.
Phillips, L. N., ed. (1989). Design with advanced composite materials. Springer-Verlag, London, England
12.
Puck, A. (1967). “On the analysis and deformation of multilayered composite structures.”Kunststoffe, 57, 284–294 (in German).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121 • Issue 7 • July 1995
Pages: 1079 - 1089
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1995
Published in print: Jul 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.