Establishing R (or and Factors for Building Seismic Provisions
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 117, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper derives the basic formulas for establishing the response modification factor R and the displacement amplification factor used in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) recommended provisions. An extension of the approach is used to derive the system modification factor used in the 1988 Uniform Building Code. These terms are primarily functions of both the structural overstrength and structural ductility factors. Because of the empirical nature of the NEHRP recommended values for these factors, it is difficult to justify the relative values between R and factors for most of the building systems. The structural overstrength factor, which can be determined from analytical studies, depends on structural redundancy, story drift limitations, multiple load combinations, strain hardening, participation of nonstructural elements, and other parameters. Although the ductility factor of an individual structural member can be determined experimentally, there is no general agreement within the profession of how the concept of ductility factor should be applied at the structural system level.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Allowable stress design (ASD) manual of steel construction. (1989). Amer. Inst. of Steel Constr., Chicago, Ill.
2.
Assaf, A. F. (1989). “Evaluation of structural overstrength in steel building systems,” thesis presented to Northeastern University, at Boston, Mass., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
3.
Bertero, V. V. (1986). “Evaluation of response reduction factors recommended by ATC and SEAOC.” Proc. 3rd U.S. Nat. Conf. Earthquake Engrg., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 1663–1673.
4.
Bertero, V. V., Aktan, A. E., Charney, F. A., and Sause, R. (1984). “Earthquake simulation tests and associated studies of a 1/5th‐scale model of a 7‐story R/C frame‐wall test structure.” Report No. UCB/EERC‐84/05, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
5.
Blume, J. A. (1977). “Allowable stresses and earthquake performance.” Proc. 6th World Conf. Earthquake Engrg., International Association for Earthquake Engineering, 165–174.
6.
“Building code requirements for reinforced concrete.” (1989). ACI 318/89, Amer. Concr. Inst., Detroit, Mich.
7.
Earthquake resistant regulations—A world list. (1988). Int. Assoc. of Earthquake Engrg., Tsukuba, Japan.
8.
Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T. V., MacGregor, J. G., and Cornell, C. A. (1980). “Development of a probability based load criteria for American National Standard Committee A58.” Special Publication No. 577, Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
9.
Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) manual of steel construction. (1986). Amer. Inst. of Steel Constr., Chicago, Ill.
10.
NEHRP recommended provisions for the development of seismic regulations for new buildings. (1988). Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, D.C.
11.
Newmark, N. M., and Hall, W. J. (1982). Earthquake spectra and design. Earthquake Engrg. Res. Inst., El Cerrito, Calif.
12.
Osteraas, J., and Krawinkler, H. (1989). “The Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985—Behavior of steel buildings.” Earthquake Spectra, 5(1), 51–88.
13.
Recommended lateral force requirements and commentary. (1988). Struct. Engrs. Assoc. of California, San Francisco, Calif.
14.
Riddell, R., Hidalgo, P., and Cruz, E. (1989). “Response modification factors for earthquake resistant design of short period buildings.” Earthquake Spectra, 5(3), 571–590.
15.
Rojahn, C. (1988). “An investigation of structural response modification factors.” Proc. 9th World Conf. Earthquake Engrg., International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Vol. V, 1087–1092.
16.
Shahrooz, B. M., and Moehle, J. P. (1987). “Experimental study of seismic response of R.C. setback buildings.” Report No. UCB/EERC‐87/16, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
17.
Uang, C.‐M., and Bertero, V. V. (1986). “Earthquake simulation tests and associated studies of a 0.3‐scale model of a 6‐story concentrically braced steel structure.” Report No. UCB/EERC‐86/10, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
18.
Uniform Building Code (UBC). (1988). Int. Conf. of Bldg. Officials, Whittier, Calif.
19.
Whittaker, A. S., Uang, C.‐M., and Bertero, V. V. (1989). “Experimental behavior of a dual steel system.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 115(1), 183–200.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 117 • Issue 1 • January 1991
Pages: 19 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1991
Published in print: Jan 1991
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.