Use of Field Parameters in Wind Engineering Design
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 113, Issue 7
Abstract
In recent years, the treatment of wind loads through the application of reliability principles has increased. In many design situations, including glass cladding design, the parameters for describing the effects of wind loadings are defined from limited data sources. In this paper, meteorological, structural, and aerodynamic parameters that are involved in the wind design process are discussed. As an example of a local damage concern for tall buildings, results for glass cladding strength characterization that have not been published previously are included.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abiassi, J. J., “The Strength of Weathered Panels,” Research Report, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Tex., 1981.
2.
“American National Standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,” ANSI A58.1‐1982, American National Standards Institute, New York, N.Y., 1982.
3.
Anthony, K. C., “Developments Since CIRIA 70 Symposium,” Wind Engineering in the Eighties, Proceedings of the CIRIA Conference, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, England, 1980.
4.
Booz, G., and Schueller, G. I., “Die Beschreibung der Windlast im Rahmen eines probabilistischen Sicherheitskonzepts,” Beitrage zur Anwendung der Aeroelastik im Bauwesen, Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Heft 17, 1981 (in German).
5.
Dalgliesh, W. A., “Comparison of Model/Full‐Scale Wind Pressures on a High‐Rise Building,” Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 1, 1975, pp. 55–66.
6.
Dalgliesh, W. A., Templin, J. T., and Cooper, K. R., “Comparisons of Wind Tunnel and Full‐Scale Building Surface Pressures with Emphasis on Peaks,” Wind Engineering, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Vol. 1, Ft. Collins, Colo., 1979, pp. 553–565.
7.
Davenport, A. G., “The Relationship of Reliability to Wind Loading,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 13, Dec., 1983, pp. 3–13.
8.
Davenport, A. G., “The Spectrum of Horizontal Gustiness Near the Ground in High Winds,” Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 87, 1961, pp. 194–211.
9.
Durbin, P. A., and Hunt, J. C. R., “Fluctuating Surface Pressures on Bluff Structures in Turbulent Winds: Further Theory and Comparison With Experiment,” Wind Engineering: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Vol. 1, Ft. Collins, Colo., 1979, pp. 491–507.
10.
Ellis, B. R., “An Assessment of the Accuracy of Predicting the Fundamental Natural Frequencies for Buildings and the Implications Concerning the Dynamic Analysis of Structures,” Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Part 2, 69, 1980, pp. 763–776.
11.
Engelsen, F., “Applications of Spectral Analysis in Civil Engineering,” Research Project, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., 1985.
12.
Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU), “Characteristics of Turbulence Near the Ground,” Item No. 75001, ESDU, London, England, 1975.
13.
Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU), “The Response of Flexible Structures to Atmospheric Turbulence,” Item No. 76001, ESDU, London, England, 1976.
14.
Fuller, E. R., Jr., et al., “Proof Testing of Ceramics: Part 2: Theory,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 15, 1980, pp. 2282–2295.
15.
Harris, R. I., “The Nature of Wind,” The Modern Design of Wind‐Sensitive Structures, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, U.K., 1971.
16.
Hart, G. C., “Earthquake Design of Buildings: Damping,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. 1, Jan., 1975, pp. 11–30.
17.
Haviland, R., “A Study of the Uncertainties in the Fundamental Translational Periods and Damping Values for Real Buildings,” Research Report No. 5, Publ. No. R76‐12, Order No. 531, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1976.
18.
Hino, M., “Spectrum of Gusty Wind,” Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Tokyo, Japan, 1971, pp. 69–77.
19.
Hunt, J. C. R., “Theory of Turbulent Flow Around Two‐Dimensional Bluff Bodies,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 65, 1973, pp. 625.
20.
Jeary, A. P., and Ellis, B. R., “On Predicting the Response of Tall Buildings to Wind Excitation,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 13, 1983, pp. 173–182.
21.
Kaimal, J. C., et al., “Spectral Characteristics of Surface‐Layer Turbulence,” Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, 1972, pp. 563–589.
22.
Kanda, J., “Reliability of Gust Response Prediction considering Height Dependent Turbulence Parameters,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 14, 1983, pp. 455–466.
23.
Kareem, A., “Fluctuating Wind Loads on Buildings,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. 6, Dec., 1982, pp. 1086–1102.
24.
Kareem, A., and Cermak, J. E., “Pressure Fluctuations on a Square Building Model in Boundary‐Layer Flows,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 16, 1984, pp. 17–41.
25.
Kawai, H., Katsura, J., and Ishizaki, H., “Characteristics of Pressure Fluctuations on the Windward Wall of a Tall Building,” Wind Engineering: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Vol. 1, Fort Collins, Colo., 1979, pp. 519–528.
26.
Kolousek, V., et al., Wind Effects on Civil Engineering Structures: Studies in Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 2, Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1984.
27.
Lam, L. C. H., Lam, R. P., and Mackey, S., “Full‐Scale Measurement of Wind Pressure Fluctuations on a Bluff Building,” Wind Engineering: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Ft. Collins, Colo, 1979, pp. 567–575.
28.
Matsui, G., Suda, K., and Higuchi, K., “Full‐Scale Measurement of Wind Pressures Acting on a High‐Rise Building of Rectangular Plan,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 10, 1982, pp. 267–286.
29.
Mayne, J. R., and Cook, N. J., “Extreme Wind Analysis,” Wind Engineering in the Eighties, Proceedings of the CIRIA Conference, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, England, 1980.
30.
Mehta, K. C., “Wind‐Induced Damage: Observations and Their Implications for Design Practice,” Engineering Structures, Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct., 1984, pp. 242–247.
31.
Melbourne, W. H., “Comparison of Measurements on the CAARC Standard Tall Building Model in Simulated Model Wind Flows,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 6, 1980, pp. 73–88.
32.
Milford, R. V., “Structural Reliability and Crosswind Response of Tall Chimneys,” Engineering Structures, Vol. 4, Oct., 1982, pp. 263–270.
33.
Norville, H. S., and Minor, J. E., “A Failure Theory for Window Glass Plates,” Proceedings of the Fourth Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference, ASCE, Vol. I, 1983, pp. 1001–1004.
34.
Olesen, H. R., Larsen, S. E., and Hojstrup, J., “Modelling Velocity Spectra in the Lower Part of the Planetary Boundary Layer,” Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 29, 1984, pp. 285–312.
35.
Peterka, J. A., and Cermak, J. E., “Wind Pressures on Buildings—Probability Densities,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. 6, Jun., 1975, pp. 1255–1267.
36.
Pirner, M., “Some Experiences with Fluctuations Measurements on Models,” Wind Engineering: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Vol. 1, Ft. Collins, Colo., 1979, pp. 529–539.
37.
Pirner, M., “Some Results of Model Measurements on Tall Buildings,” Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 2, 1977, pp. 243–254.
38.
“PPG Glass Thickness Recommendations to Meet Architects Specified 1‐Minute Wind Load,” Technical Service, Flat Glass Division, PPG Industries, 1979.
39.
Reed, D. A., and Engelsen, F., “Load Capacities of Glass Panels,” Engineering Structures, Vol. 8, Jan., 1986, pp. 64–69.
40.
Reinhold, T. A., et al., “The Effect of Wind Direction on the Static and Dynamic Wind Loads on a Square Section Tall Building,” Proceedings of the Third Colloquium on Industrial Aerodynamics, Aachen, West Germany, 1978, pp. 263–279.
41.
Reinhold, T. A., Tieleman, H. W., and Maher, F. J., “Investigation of a Grid‐Induced Turbulent Environment for Wind Tunnel Testing,” Research Report VPI‐E‐74‐30, Dept. of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va., 1974.
42.
Ritter, J. E., Bandyopadhyay, N., and Jakus, K., “Statistical Reproducibility of the Dynamic and Static Fatigue Experiments,” Ceramic Bulletin, Vol. 60, No. 8, 1981, pp. 798–806.
43.
Rojiani, K., and Wen, Y. K., “Reliability of Steel Buildings Under Wind,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. 1, Jan., 1981, pp. 203–221.
44.
Ruscheweyh, H., “Beitrag zur Windbelastung hoher kreiszylinder—ahnlicher schlanker Bauwerke im naturlichen Wind bei Reynoldszahlen bis Re ” thesis presented to the Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, West Germany, in 1974, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Engineering.
45.
Schueller, G. I., Hirtz, H., and Booz, G., “The Effect of Uncertainties in Wind Load Estimation on Reliability Assessments,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 14, 1983, pp. 15–26.
46.
Schueller, G. I., and Panggabean, H., “Probabilistic Determination of Design Wind Velocity in Germany,” Proceedings, Institute of Civil Engineers, Part 2, 1976.
47.
Simiu, E., “Wind Spectra and Dynamic Alongwind Response,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. 9, Sep., 1974, pp. 1897–1910.
48.
Simiu, E., Changery, M. J., and Filliben, J. J., “Extreme Wind Speeds at 129 Stations in the Contiguous United States,” NBS Building Science Series 118, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., 1979.
49.
Simiu, E., et al., Ring‐on Ring Tests and Load Capacity of Cladding Glass,” NBS Building Science Series 162, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., 1984.
50.
Simiu, E., and Scanlan, R. H., Wind Effects on Structures: An Introduction to Wind Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1978.
51.
Sockel, H., “Local Pressure Fluctuations,” Wind Engineering: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Vol. 1, Ft. Collins, Colo., 1979, pp. 509–518.
52.
Solari, G., “Alongwind Response Estimation: Structural Classification,” Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 2, Feb., 1983, pp. 575–580.
53.
Teunissen, H. W., “Structure of Mean Winds and Turbulence in the Planetary Boundary Layer Over Rural Terrain,” Boundary‐Layer Meteorology, Vol. 19, 1980, pp. 187–221.
54.
Tieleman, H. W., and Mullins, S. E., “The Structure of Moderately Strong Winds at a Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Site,” Wind Engineering: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Vol. 1, Ft. Collins, Colo., 1979, pp. 145–159.
55.
Tsvang, L. R., et al., “International Turbulence Comparison Experiment (ITCE‐81),” Boundary‐Layer Meteorology, Vol. 31, 1985, pp. 325–348.
56.
Von Karman, T., “Progress in the Statistical Theory of Turbulence,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C., 1948, pp. 530–539.
57.
Wiederhorn, S. M., Fuller, E. R., Jr., and Mandel, J., “An Error Analysis of Failure Prediction Techniques Derived from Fracture Mechanics,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 59, No. 9–10, Sep.–Oct., 1976, pp. 403–411.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 113 • Issue 7 • July 1987
Pages: 1570 - 1585
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1987
Published in print: Jul 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.