Theory of Pipe Drainage Assisted by Mole Drainage
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of draining a heavy soil of low hydraulic conductivity overlying an impermeable layer by means of a combined system of pipe and mole drains. The analysis uses the complex functions and the theory of images to develop formulas for pipe and mole drain discharges and for pipe drain spacing design. A flow pattern predicted on the basis of these formulas shows that boundary conditions are satisfied and the stream line distribution is logical. An equation for the unsteady vertical movement of the water table is presented, from which an approximate but satisfactory spacing equation is established. A numerical example is provided and it is shown that although the spacing formula is implicit, only a small number of trials are needed. It is also shown that introducing mole drains may allow the spacing of pipe drains to be increased several times. A technique is proposed for choosing the number of mole drains between two pipe drains such that the optimal spacing design is achieved.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Childs, E. C. (1969). Introduction to the physical basis of soil water phenomena. John Wiley & Sons, London, U.K.
2.
Harr, M. (1962). Groundwater and seepage. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, N.Y.
3.
Hathoot, H. M.(1979). “New formulas for determining discharge and spacing of subsurface drains.”Int. Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) Bull., 28(2), 82–86.
4.
Hathoot, H. M.(1985). “Graphical design of tile and mole drainage systems.”ICID Bull., 34(1), 43–48.
5.
Hathoot, H. M. (1987). “Drainage of agricultural soils by subsurface drains.”Bull. Fac. Engrg., Alexandria Univ., Alexandria, Egypt, XXVI, 1–18.
6.
Hathoot, H. M., and Rezk, M. A.(1989). “Modification of drain discharge and spacing formulas.”Alexandria Engrg. J., Alexandria, Egypt, 28(4), 231–245.
7.
Hathoot, H. M., Al-Amoud, A. I., Mohammad, F. S., and Abo Ghobar, H. M.(1993). “Design criteria of drain tube systems in the central region of Saudi Arabia.”J. King Saud Univ., Engrg. Sc., 5(2), 191–212.
8.
Kirkham, D.(1966). “Steady state theories for land drainage.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 92, 19–39.
9.
Liggett, J. A. (1994). Fluid mechanics. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, N.Y.
10.
Polubarinova-Kochina, P. Y. (1952). Theory of the motion of groundwater. Gostekhizdat, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
11.
Schilfgaarde, J. V., ed. (1974). “Drainage for agriculture.”No. 17, Am. Soc. of Agronomy, Madison, Wis., 115–143.
12.
Youngs, E. G.(1985). “A simple drainage equation for predicting water-table drawdowns.”J. Agric. Engrg. Res., 31, 321–328.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1998
Published in print: Mar 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.