Time-Varying Underflow into a Continuous Stratification with Bottom Slope
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 9
Abstract
Results are presented from a laboratory investigation of a continuous discharge gravity current moving down an inclined plane into a linearly stratified fluid; the density of the inflow decreasing linearly with time, initially larger and finally smaller than the bottom ambient density. The inflowing water was observed to follow both underflowing and intrusive flow regimes. Hence, during the time in which the inflow was denser than the water in the stratified reservoir, an underflow was observed to descend down the sloping bottom with a speed that was consistent with that given by the theory for a buoyancy-conserving gravity current on gentle slopes. However, the continuous decrease of the density at the source shortly lead to an unstable density distribution within the initial underflow, which then collapsed into an intrusion that traveled as a horizontal gravity intrusion. Scaling arguments were used to identify both the position and time to the breakup of the underflow. To the end of the experiment, multiple intrusions were established successively at different depths in between the initial underflow and the surface buoyant plume.
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Acknowledgments
The present work was performed while the first writer was the recipient of an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and a University of Western Australia Postgraduate Award. Financial support which made these experiments possible was provided by the Centre for Water Research. The writers thank C. Dallimore for the comments on the earlier versions of the manuscript, and G. Atwater who assisted in some early calibration tasks. We also thank the anonymous referees for their very positive and constructive reviews of the manuscript.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 9 • September 2008
Pages: 1191 - 1198
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 4, 2006
Accepted: Jan 7, 2008
Published online: Sep 1, 2008
Published in print: Sep 2008
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