Johannes von Kries and the History of Water Hammer

Allievi, L. (1902). “Teoria generale del moto perturbato dell’acqua nei tubi in pressione (colpo d’ariete).” [General theory of the variable motion of water in pressure conduits.] Annali della Società degli Ingegneri ed Architetti Italiani, 17(5), 285–325 (in Italian). Reprinted (1903), Atti dell’Associazione Elettrotecnica Italiana, 7(2–3), 140–196. Reprinted (1903), Atti del Collegio degli Ingegneri ed Architetti in Milano, 36, 35–88. [French translation by Allievi L., Revue de Mécanique, 14, 10–22, 230–259, 1904; German translation by R. Dubs and V. Bataillard, Springer, Berlin, 1909.]

Allievi, L. (1913). “Teoria del colpo d’ariete Nota I–V.” [Theory of water-hammer.] Atti dell’Associazione Elettrotecnica Italiana, 17, 127–150, 861–900 $+$ plates, 1129–1145 $+$ plates, 1235–1253 $+$ plates, and Supplement No. 1, 1–35 $+$ plates (in Italian). Reprinted (1913–1914), Atti del Collegio degli Ingegneri ed Architetti in Milano, 46, 14–49, 336–373, 558–575, 649–667; 47, 39–72. Summary by V. Reina (1913), Atti della reale Accademia dei Lincei e Memorie Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Series 5, 9, 317–340 (Nota I); and, Rendiconti della reale Accademia dei Lincei, 22, 486–494 (Nota II–III). [French translation by D. Gaden, Dunod, 1921; English translation by E. E. Halmos, Riccardo Garroni, 1925; included in Proc., Joint ASCE–ASME Symp. on Water Hammer, 1933, Chicago, (reprinted in 1949 and 1961).]

Almeida, A. B. de (1979). “No centenário da publicação da fórmula de Michaud [On the 100th anniversary of the publication of Michaud’s formula].” Técnica—Revista de Engenharia, 453, 29–32 (in Portuguese).

Anderson, A. (1976). “Menabrea’s note on waterhammer: 1858.” J. Hydr. Div., 102(1), 29–39.

Anderson, A. (2000). “Celebrations and challenges—Waterhammer at the start of the 20th and 21st centuries.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges, 317–322, BHR Group, Cranfield, U.K.; Professional Engineering Publishing, Bury St. Edmunds, U.K.

André, F. (1870). “Expériences sur la vitesse de propagation du son dans l’eau d’une conduite en fonte de $0^{\mathrm{m}}$ , 80 de diamètre.” [Experiments on the velocity of propagation of sound in water in a cast iron pipe of $0.80\mathrm{m}$ diameter.] C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 70, 568–571 (in French).

Bergant, A., Simpson, A. R., and Vítkovský, J. (2001). “Developments in unsteady pipe flow friction modeling.” J. Hydraul. Res., 39(3), 249–257.

Bergeron, L. (1935). “Étude des variations de régime dans les conduites d’eau. Solution graphique générale.” [Study of state changes in water-filled conduits. General graphical solution.] Revue Générale de l’Hydraulique, 1(1), 12–25 (in French).

Bergeron, L. (1950). Du coup de bélier en hydraulique—Au coup de foudre en électricité, [Water hammer in hydraulics and wave surges in electricity.] Dunod, Paris (in French). [English translation by ASME committee, Wiley, New York, 1961.]

Bernstein, E. F., and Evans, R. L. (1962). “Experimental evaluation of a pulse contour method for calculation of cardiac output.” Am. J. Physiol., 202, 622–630.

Boulanger, A. (1913). “Étude sur la propagation des ondes liquides dans les tuyaux élastiques.” [Study on the propagation of liquid waves in elastic tubes.] Travaux et mémoires de l’Université de Lille, Nouvelle Serie, II: Médecine-Sciences, 8, Tallandier, Lille, France; Gauthier-Villars, Paris, France (in French).

Brown, G. O. (2002). “The history of the Darcy-Weisbach equation for pipe flow resistance.” Proc., 150th Anniversary Conf. of ASCE, J. Rogers and A. Fredrich, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 34–43.

Ceccarelli, M. (1999). “‘Cinematica della biella plana’ by Lorenzo Allievi in 1895.” Proc., 10th World Congress on the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Oulu, Finland, 1, 37–42.

Evans, R. L. (1962). “Pulsatile flow in vessels whose distensibility and size vary with site.” Phys. Med. Biol., 7, 105–116.

Frank, O. (1927). “Die Theorie der Pulswellen.” [The theory of pulse waves.] Z. Biol., 85, 91–130 (in German).

Franke, P.-G. (1992). “Lorenzo Allievi.” 3R International, 31(3), 171 (in German).

Frizell, J. P. (1898). “Pressures resulting from changes of velocity of water in pipes.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 39, Paper 819, 1–18.

Ghidaoui, M. S., Zhao, M., McInnis, D. A., and Axworthy, D. H. (2005). “A review of water hammer theory and practice.” Appl. Mech. Rev., 58, 49–76.

Gibson, A. H. (1908). Water hammer in hydraulic pipelines, Archibald Constable, London, 40–41.

Gibson, A. H. (1930). Hydraulics and its applications, 4th Ed., Constable, London, 234–235.

Golubev, V. V. (1947). Nikolay Egorovich Zhukovsky, Moscow State Univ., Moscow, Soviet Union (in Russian).

Goupil, M. (1907). “Notice sur les principaux travaux concernant le coup de bélier et spécialement sur le mémoire et les expériences du Professeur N. Joukovsky (1898).” [Report on the most important achievements in water hammer and in particular on the work and experiments of Professor N. Joukovsky (1898).] Ann. Ponts Chaussees, 77(1), 199–221 (in French).

Gromeka, I. S. (1883). “On the velocity of propagation of wavelike motion of fluids in elastic tubes.” Physical-mathematical section of the Scientific Society of the Imperial University of Kazan, Kazan, Russia, 1–19 (in Russian).

Grote, L. R. (1925). Die Medizin der Gegenwart in Selbstdarstellungen, [The contemporary medical sciences in self-portraits.] 4, Felix Meiner, Leipzig, Germany, 125–187 (in German).

Hagen, G. (1839). “Ueber die Bewegung des Wassers in engen cylindrischen Röhren.” [On the motion of water in narrow cylindrical tubes.] Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 46, 423–442 (in German).

Hager, W. H. (2001). “Swiss contribution to water hammer theory.” J. Hydraul. Res., 39(1), 1–10.

Helmholtz, H. von (1848). “Theoretische Akustik.” [Theoretical acoustics.] Die Fortschritte der Physik, dargestellt von der physikalischen Gesellschaft in Berlin, 4, 110–114; also in Hermann Helmholtz, Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (1882), 1(13), 242–246, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, Germany (in German).

Hoffmann, P. (1957). “Johannes von Kries, ein Philosoph auf dem Freiburger Lehrstuhl für Physiologie.” [Johannes von Kries, a philosopher on the Freiburg chair of physiology.] Berliner Medizin, 8(9), 187–192 (in German).

Jouguet, E. (1914). “Théorie générale des coups de bélier.” [General theory of water hammer.] Étude théorique et expérimentale sur les coups de bélier dans les conduites forcées, $2^e$ Congrès de la Houille Blanche, Lyon, France, E. Jouguet, A. Rateau, and M. de Sparre, eds., 1–68; Dunod et Pinat, Paris, France, 1917 (in French).

Joukovsky, N. (1878). “Sur la percussion des corps.” [On the collision of bodies.] J. de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, Séries 3, 4, 417–424 (in French).

Joukowsky, N. (1898). “Über den hydraulischen Stoss in Wasserleitungsröhren.” [On the hydraulic hammer in water supply pipes.] Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg (1900), Series 8, 9(5), 1–71 (in German). [Sections presented to the Division of Physical Sciences of O.L.E., September 26, 1897, to the Physical-Mathematical Commission of that society, January 30, 1898, to the Polytechnic Society of the Moscow Imperial Institute, February 21, 1898; complete paper to the Russian Technical Society, April 24, 1898, to the Physical-Mathematical Division of the Academy of Sciences, May 13, 1898.] [English translation, partly by O. Simin (1904); French translation, partly by M. Goupil (1907).] Reprinted (1937) in Collected papers, 7, 152–250, United Scientific Technical Publishing House, Moscow/Leningrad, Soviet Union. $\{$ Also $Жуковски\breve{и}$ , H. E. (1899). “ $О$ $гидравлическом$ $ударе$ $в$ $водопроводных$ $трубах$ [On hydraulic hammer in water mains].” Proc., 4th Russian Water Pipes Congress, April 1899, Odessa, Russia, 78–173, printed in Moscow (1901); Bulletin of the Polytechnic Society of the Imperial Technical School, 8(5), 255–290, Moscow (1899). Reprinted (1937) in Collected papers, 7, 58–151, United Scientific Technical Publishing House, Moscow/Leningrad, Soviet Union. Reprinted (1948) in Selected works, 2, 3–73, Gostechizdat, Moscow, Soviet Union. Reprinted (1949) in Classics of science, 1–105, State Publisher of Technical-Theoretical Literature, Moscow/Leningrad, Soviet Union (all in Russian). $\}$

Kenner, T. (1972). “Flow and pressure in the arteries.” Biomechanics. Its foundations and objectives. Y. C. Fung, N. Perrone, and M. Anliker, eds., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 381–434.

Korteweg, D. J. (1878). “Ueber die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit des Schalles in elastischen Röhren.” [On the velocity of propagation of sound in elastic tubes.] Ann. Phys. Chem., New Series, 5, 525–542 (in German).

Kries, J. von (1878). “Ueber die Bestimmung des Mitteldruckes durch das Quecksilbermanometer.” [On the determination of the mean pressure by the mercury manometer.] Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie (Physiologische Abtheilung), 2, 419–440 (in German).

Kries, J. von (1883). “Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Druck und Geschwindigkeit, welche bei der Wellenbewegung in elastischen Schläuchen bestehen.” [On the relations between pressure and velocity, which exist in the wavelike motion in elastic tubes.] Festschrift der 56. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte [gewidmet von der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i. B., Supplement zu Band VIII der Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i. B.], 67–88. [Akademische Verlagsbuchhandlung von] JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Freiburg im Breisgau und Tübingen, Germany (in German).

Kries, J. von (1887a). “Ueber ein neues Verfahren zur Beobachtung der Wellenbewegung des Blutes.” [On a new method for the observation of the wavelike motion of blood.] Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie (Physiologische Abtheilung), 11, 254–284 (in German).

Kries, J. von (1887b). “Ein Verfahren zur quantitativen Auswerthung der Pulswelle.” [A method for the quantitative measurement of the pulse wave.] Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift, 32, 589–591 (in German).

Kries, J. von (1887c). “Ueber das Verhältniss der maximalen zu der mittleren Geschwindigkeit bei dem Strömen von Flüssigkeiten in Röhren.” [On the relation between the maximal and the mean velocity in the flow of fluids in tubes.] Beitrage zur Physiologie. Carl Ludwig zu seinem Siebzigsten Geburtstage gewidmet von seinen Schülern (Ludwig-Festschrift), 101–113. FCW Vogel, Leipzig, Germany (in German).

Kries, J. von (1892). Studien zur Pulslehre [Studies of the pulse], [Akademische Verlagsbuchhandlung von] JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Freiburg im Breisgau und Tübingen, Germany (in German).

Kries, J. von (1911). “Ueber die Methoden zur Beobachtung der arteriellen Blutstromung beim Menschen.” [On the methods of observation of blood flow in human arteries.] Zeitschrift für experimentelle Pathologie und Therapie, 9, 453–461 (in German).

Lambossy, P. (1950). “Aperçu historique et critique sur le problème de la propagation des ondes dans un liquide compressible enfermé dans un tube élastique.” [Historical outline and review on the problem of wave propagation in a compressible liquid enclosed in an elastic tube.] Helv. Physiol. Pharmacol. Acta, 8, 209–227; 9, 145–161 (in French).

Lorenz, S. (1996). “Brücken zwischen Naturwissenschaft, Klinik und Geisteswissenschaft: Johannes von Kries in Freiburg—Historische Untersuchung zum Problem des Universalgelehrtentums in der modernen Medizin.” [Bridges between science, clinic and the humanities: Johannes von Kries in Freiburg—Historical investigation on the problem of the universal scholarliness in the modern medical science.] Ph.D. thesis, Institute for the History of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs Univ. of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (in German).

Moens, A. I. (1878). Die Pulscurve [The pulse curve], E. J. Brill, ed., Leyden, The Netherlands (in German).

Oser, B. M. (1983). “Leben und Werk des Physiologen Johannes von Kries; Sinnesphysiologie und Erkenntniskritik.” [Life and work of the physiologist Johannes von Kries; physiology of senses and critique of knowledge.] Ph.D. thesis, Institute for the History of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs Univ. of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (in German).

Pierre, I. (1862). “Exercices sur la physique, ou recueil de questions susceptibles de faire l’objet de compositions écrites.” [Exercises on physics, or a collection of questions suitable for written exams, 2nd Ed.] Exercice, 196, 155. Mallet-Bachelier, Paris, France (in French).

Poiseuille, J. L. M. (1840). “Recherches expérimentales sur le mouvement des liquides dans les tubes de très petits diamètres.” [Experimental research on the motion of liquids in tubes of very small diameter.] Compt. Rend., 11, 961–967; 12, 1041–1048 (in French).

Rankine, W. J. M. (1851). “On the velocity of sound in liquid and solid bodies of limited dimensions, especially along prismatic masses of liquid.” Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical J., 6, 238–267. Reprinted (1881) in Miscellaneous Scientific Papers by W. J. Macquorn Rankine, 9, 168–199, W. J. Millar, ed., Charles Griffith, London.

Rankine, W. J. M. (1867). “On the longitudinal collision of elastic bars.” The Engineer, 23(581), 133.

Rankine, W. J. M. (1870). “On the thermodynamic theory of waves of finite longitudinal disturbance.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 160, 277–288. Reprinted (1881) in Miscellaneous Scientific Papers by W. J. Macquorn Rankine, 32, 530–543, W. J. Millar, ed., Charles Griffith, London

Réméniéras, G. (1961). “Maurice Gariel et l’étude des coups de bélier.” [Maurice Gariel and the study of water hammer.] Houille Blanche, 16(2), 156–167 (in French).

Résal, H. (1876). “Note sur les petits mouvements d’un fluide incompressible dans un tuyau élastique.” [Note on the small movements of incompressible fluids in an elastic tube.] J. de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, Séries 3, 2, 342–344. Also in C. R. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. (1876), 82, 698–699 (in French).

Rouse, H., and Ince, S. (1957). History of hydraulics, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Univ. of Iowa, Ames, Iowa. Reprint, Dover, New York, 1963.

Saint-Venant, A. J. C. Barré de. (1867). “Sur le choc longitudinal de deux barres élastiques de grosseurs et de matières semblables ou différentes, et sur la proportion de leur force vive qui est perdue pour la translation ultérieure. Et généralement sur le mouvement longitudinal d’un système de deux ou plusieurs prismes élastiques.” [On the longitudinal collision of two elastic bars of the same or of different sizes and materials, and on the amount of their kinetic energy that is lost for their translation afterwards. And in general on the longitudinal move ment of a system of two or more elastic prisms.] J. de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, 12, 237–376. Also in C. R. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. (1866), 63, 1108–1111; $\left(1867\right)$ , 64, 1009–1013, 1192–1200; $\left(1868\right)$ , 66, 650–653. Abstract in Les Mondes (1867), 69 [translated by Rankine 1867] (in French).

Saint-Venant, A. J. C. Barré de. (1870). “Démonstration élémentaire de la formule de propagation d’une onde ou d’une intumescence dans un canal prismatique; et remarques sur les propagations du son et de la lumière, sur les ressauts, ainsi que sur la distinction des rivières et des torrents.” [Elementary derivation of the formula of propagation of a wave or a swelling in a prismatic conduit; and remarks on the propagation of sound and light, on hydraulic jumps, and also on the differ ence between rivers and brooks.] C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 71, 186–195 (in French).

Saint-Venant, A. J. C. Barré de. (1883). “Théorie de l’impulsion longitudinale d’une barre élastique par un corps massif qui vient heurter une de ses deux extrémités; et de la résistance de la matière de la barre à un pareil choc.” [Theory of longitudinal momentum of an elastic bar which is being hit by a rigid body at one of its ends; and of the resistance of the material of the bar to the same impact.] §61 in Théorie de l’élasticité des corps solides de Clebsch, A. Clebsch, translated and annotated by A. J. C. Barré de Saint-Venant, Dunod, Paris, France (in French). Facsimile reprint in 1966, Johnson Reprint, New York.

Schnyder, O. (1932). “Über Druckstöße in Rohrleitungen.” [On water hammer in pipe lines.] Wasserkraft und Wasserwirtschaft, 27(5), 49–54; 27(6), 64–70; 27(8), 96 (in German).

Simin, O. (1904). “Water hammer.” Proc., 24th Annual Convention of the American Water Works Association, St. Louis, Mo., 341–424.

Skalak, T. C. (1999). “A dedication in memoriam of Dr. Richard Skalak.” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 1, 1–18.

Sperling, W., Bauer, R. D., Busse, R., Körner, H., and Pasch, T. (1975). “The resolution of arterial pulses into forward and backward waves as an approach to the determination of the characteristic impedance.” Pflügers Archiv, Eur. J. Physiol., 355, 217–227.

Stecki, J. S., and Davis, D. C. (1986). “Fluid transmission lines—Distributed parameter models. Part 1: A review of the state of the art. Part 2: Comparison of models.” Proc., Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A, 200, 215–236.

Stepanov, G. Yu. (1997). “Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovskii. On the 150th anniversary of his birth [5(17) January 1847–17 March 1921].” J. Appl. Math. Mech., 61(1), 1–8.

Strizhevsky, S. (1957). Nikolai Zhukovsky, Founder of aeronautics. Men of Russian Science, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, Soviet Union.

Stromeyer, C. E. (1901). “On explosions of steam pipes due to water-hammers.” Memoirs and Proc., Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 46(3), 1–16.

Thorley, A. R. D. (1976). “A survey of investigations into pressure surge phenomena.” Research Memorandum ML83, The City Univ., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, London.

Timoshenko, S. P. (1953). History of strength of materials, McGraw-Hill, New York. Reprint, Dover, New York, 1983.

Timoshenko, S. P., and Goodier, J. N. (1970). Theory of elasticity, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, London, 492–494.

Todhunter, I., and Pearson, K. (Volume I, 1886; Volume II, Parts I and II, 1893). A history of elasticity and strength of materials, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. Reprint, A history of the theory of elasticity and of the strength of materials—From Galilei to Lord Kelvin, Dover, New York, 1960.

Vardy, A. E., and Brown, J. M. B. (2003). “Transient turbulent friction in smooth pipe flows.” J. Sound Vib., 259(5), 1011–1036.

Vardy, A. E., and Brown, J. M. B. (2004). “Transient turbulent friction in fully rough pipe flows.” J. Sound Vib., 270(1–2), 233–257.

Weber, W. (1866). “Theorie der durch Wasser oder andere incompressible Flüssigkeiten in elastischen Röhren fortgepflanzten Wellen.” [Theory of waves propagating in water or in other incompressible liquids contained in elastic tubes.] Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlichen Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Mathematical-Physical Section, 18, 353–357 (in German).

Wiggert, D. C., and Wylie, E. B. (2003). “A tribute to Victor L. Streeter.” Proc., Symp. Henry P. G. Darcy and Other Pioneers in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of the 200th Birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy,” G. O. Brown, J. D. Garbrecht, and W. H. Hager, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 160–173.

Wood, F. M. (1970). “History of water-hammer.” C.E. Research Rep. No. 65, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ. at Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Young, T. (1807). A course of lectures on natural philosophy and the mechanical arts, 1, 143–145, Joseph Johnson, London.

Young, T. (1808). “Hydraulic investigations, subservient to an intended Croonian lecture on the motion of the blood.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 98, 164–186.

Zielke, W. (1968). “Frequency-dependent friction in transient pipe flow.” ASME J. Basic Eng., 90, 109–115.