Bed Material Discharge Prediction for Nonuniform Bed Sediments
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 6
Abstract
An important element for simulating the evolution of a riverbed with nonuniform sediments is the reliable prediction of sediment discharge for each size fraction, which is essential for simulating hydraulic sorting and armoring of channel beds undergoing degradation or aggradation. Most of the existing sediment discharge relations either give total sediment discharge only or are unreliable for predicting size distribution of sediment discharge. This paper presents the development of a relation for predicting sediment discharge for each size fraction. The interaction between different size fractions in a nonuniform sediment bed is taken into account through the formulation of a weighting function for each fraction, consisting of two components: (1) Areal fraction of each grain size on bed; and (2) a “sheltering” factor reflecting reduction in transport of finer particles due to sheltering by the larger ones. The relation was applied to several data sets including both river and laboratory flows. Agreement between computed and observed values was good for both total sediment discharge and its size distribution. However, prediction was less accurate for flows with significant amounts of nonmoving coarser particles armoring the bed surface, indicating the need for further research for such flows. A simplified relation, based on median sediment size (D50) only, also is proposed. This relation is found to yield good agreement for predicting total sediment discharge and performs better than several existing sediment transport functions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ackers, P., and White, W. R.(1973). “Sediment transport: new approach and analysis.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 99(11), 2041–2060.
2.
Bechteler, W., and Vetter, M. (1989). “The computation of total sediment transport in view of changed input parameters.”Proc., Int. Symp. on Sediment Transport Modeling, S. Y. Wang, ed., American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, N.Y.
3.
Brown, C. B. (1950). “Sediment transportation.” Chap XII, Engineering hydraulics, H. Rouse, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
4.
Chin, C. O., Melville, B. W., and Raudkivi, A. J.(1994). “Streambed armoring.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 120(8), 899–918.
5.
Colby, B. R., and Hembree, C. H. (1955). “Computations of total sediment discharge; Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska.” Geological Survey Water Supply Paper No. 1357, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Washington, D.C.
6.
Egiazaroff, I. V.(1965). “Calculation of nonuniform sediment concentrations.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 91(4), 225–247.
7.
Einstein, H. A. (1950). “The bed load function for sediment transportation in open channels.” Tech. Bull. 1026, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
8.
Einstein, H. A., and Chien, N. (1953). “Transport of sediment mixtures with large ranges of grain sizes.” Univ. of Calif. Inst. of Engrg. Res., Berkeley, Calif., M.R.D. Series No. 2.
9.
Engelund, F., and Hansen, E. (1967). “A monograph on sediment transport in alluvial streams.” TekniskForlag, Copenhagen, Denmark.
10.
Hsu, S. M., and Holly, F. M.(1992). “Conceptual bed-load transport model and verifications for sediment mixtures,”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(8), 1135–1152.
11.
Hubbel, D. W., and Matejka, D. Q. (1959). “Investigations of sediment transportation: Middle Loup River at Dunning, Nebraska.” Geological Survey Water Supply Paper No. 1476, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Washington, D.C.
12.
Karim, M. F., and Kennedy, J. F. (1981). “Computer-based predictors for sediment discharge and friction factor of alluvial streams.”Rep. No. 242, Iowa Inst. of Hydr. Res., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
13.
Karim, M. F., and Kennedy, J. F. (1983). “Computer-based predictors for sediment discharge and friction factor of alluvial streams.”Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on River Sedimentation, Water Resour. and Electric Power Press, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China.
14.
Karim, M. F., Holly, F. M., and Kennedy, J. F. (1983). “Bed armoring procedures in IALLUVIAL and application to the Missouri River.”IIHR Rep. No. 269, Iowa Inst. of Hydr. Res., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
15.
Komar, P. D. (1989). “Flow competence evaluations of the hydraulic parameters of floods: an assessment of the technique.”Floods: Hydrological, Sedimentological and Geomorphological Implications, K. Bever and P. Carling, eds., John Wiley & Sons, U.K., 107–134.
16.
Laursen, E. M.(1958). “The total sediment load of streams.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 54(1), 1–36.
17.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Muller, R. (1948). “Formulas for bed load transport.”Rep., 2nd Meeting of Int. Assn. for Hydr. Res., IAHR, Stockholm, Sweden, 39–64.
18.
Misri, R. L., Garde, R. J., and Ranga Raju, K. G.(1984). “Bed load transport of coarse nonuniform sediment.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 110(3), 312–328.
19.
Nakato, T.(1990). “Tests of selected sediment-transport formulas.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 116(3), 362–379.
20.
Parker, G.(1990). “Surface-based bedload transport relation for gravel rivers.”J. Hydr. Res., IAHR, 28(4), 529–544.
21.
Parker, G., and Sutherland, A. J.(1990). “Fluvial armor.”J. Hydr. Res., 28(5), 529–544.
22.
Proffitt, G. T., and Sutherland, A. J.(1983). “Transport of non-uniform sediments.”J. Hydr. Res., IAHR, 21(1), 33–43.
23.
Samaga, B. R., Ranga Raju, K. G., and Garde, R. J.(1986a). “Bed load transport of sediment mixtures.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 112(11), 1003–1018.
24.
Samaga, B. R., Ranga Raju, K. G., and Garde, R. J.(1986b). “Suspended load transport of sediment mixtures.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 112(11), 1019–1035.
25.
Shulits, S. (1935). “The Schoklitsch bed-load formula.”Engineering, London, U.K., June 21, 644–646; and June 28, 687.
26.
Toffaleti, F. B. (1968). “A procedure for computation of the total river sand discharge and detailed distribution, bed to surface.”Tech. Rep. No. 5, Com. on Channel Stabilization, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss.
27.
Toffaleti, F. B.(1969). “Definitive computations of sand discharge in rivers.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 95(1), 225–248.
28.
Van Niekerk, A., Vogel, K. R., Slingerland, R. L., and Bridge, J. S.(1992). “Routing of heterogeneous sediments over movable bed: Model development.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(2), 246–262.
29.
“Verification of sediment transport functions: Missouri River.” (1979). Data Listings, Appendices I, IV and V, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha, Nebr.
30.
Wilcock, P. R.(1993). “Critical shear stress of natural sediments.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 119(4), 491–505.
31.
Yang, C. T.(1973). “Incipient motion and sediment transport.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 99(10), 1679–1704.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 6 • June 1998
Pages: 597 - 604
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1998
Published in print: Jun 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.