Extraction of Dynamic Soil Properties Using Extended Kalman Filter
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 12
Abstract
A procedure for nonlinear system identification of soils using strong‐motion records obtained in a downhole seismograph array is presented. This study uses, in conducting the identification, the extended Kalman filter, which is a sequential parameter estimation scheme. The Bouc‐Wen model is used in characterizing the nonlinear backbone curve of soils, and a generalized Masing's rule is implemented to model stress reversals. The stress‐reversal history obtained from earthquake data may be ambiguous. To avoid using a faulty stress‐reversal history, only a fraction of the earthquake data is used. The ground is modeled as a three‐degree‐of‐freedom hysteretic structure. Identification is first carried out based on soil hysteresis loops, using a weighted global iteration scheme. These results are then incorporated into the identification of the ground. The parameters identified yield shear wave velocities that are in good agreement with those from cross‐hole measurements. Similar agreement is also seen between the calculated accelerations and the actual records.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abdel‐Ghaffar, A. M., and Scott, R. F. (1979). “Shear moduli and damping factors of earth dams.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 105(12), 1405–1426.
2.
Anderson, D. G., and Tang, Y. K. (1989). “Summary of soil characterization program for Lotung large‐scale seismic experiment.” Proc., EPRI/NRC/TPC Workshop on Seismic Soil‐Struct. Interaction analysis Using Data from Lotung, Taiwan, Vol. 1, EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif.
3.
Bolt, B. A., Loh, C. H., Penzien, J., Tsai, Y. B., and Yeh, Y. T. (1982). “Preliminary report on the SMART 1 strong motion array in Taiwan, EERC Rep. UCB/EERC‐82/13, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
4.
Chang, C. Y., Power, M. S., Tang, Y. K., and Mok, C. M. (1989). “Evidence of nonlinear soil response during a moderate earthquake.” Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt., 1927–1930.
5.
Gardner, G. (1991). “Bouc‐Wen model parameters for soil,” MSc report, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
6.
Gelb, A. (1974). Applied optimal estimation. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
7.
Hoshiya, M., and Maruyama, O. (1987). “Identification of nonlinear structural systems.” Proc., Reliability and Risk Analysis in Civ. Engrg., Vol. 1., ICASP5, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, 138–189.
8.
Hoshiya, M., and Sato, E. (1984). “Structural identification by extended Kalman filter.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 110(12), 1757–1770.
9.
Hwang, S. K., and Stokoe, K. H. (1993). “Dynamic properties of undisturbed soil sample from Lotung, Taiwan.” Geotech. Rep. GR93‐3, Civ. Engrg. Dept., University of Texas, Austin, Tex.
10.
Ishihara, K. (1982). “Evaluation of soil properties for use in earthquake response analysis.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Numerical Methods in Geomech., A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt., 237–259.
11.
Iwan, W. D. (1967). “A distributed‐element model for hysteretic modeling and its steady state response.” J. Appl. Mech., 33(4), 893–900.
12.
Jayakumar, P. (1989). “System identification of a large structure using pseudodynamic test data.” Struct. Congr. '89, Seismic Engrg.: Res. and Practice, New York, N.Y., ASCE, 199–208.
13.
Jazwinski, A. H. (1970). Stochastic process and filtering theory. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
14.
Lin, J.‐S. (1993). “NONLIN, a computer program for nonlinear seismic analysis of shear‐like MDOF structures with choice of commonly used material models.” Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
15.
Lin, J.‐S. (1990). “Nonlinear system identification of soils using extended Kaiman filter.” Proc., Fourth Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Vol. 3, EERI, Oakland, Calif., 865–874.
16.
Lin, J.‐S., and Chao, B.‐K. (1990). “Estimation of shear moduli and damping factors of earth dam materials.” Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, 19(6), 891–910.
17.
Lin, J.‐S., and Zhang, Y. (1994). “Nonlinear structural identification using extended Kaiman filter.” Int. J. Comp. and Struct., 52(4), 757–764.
18.
Loh, C.‐H., and Chung, S.‐T. (1993). “A three stage identification approach for hysteretic system.” Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, 22(2), 129–150.
19.
Martin, P. P., and Seed, H. B. (1978). “MASH—a computer program for the nonlinear analysis of vertically propagated shear waves in horizontally layered deposits.” Rep. EERC 78‐123, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
20.
Murakami, A. (1991). “Studies on the application of Kalman filtering to some geo‐mechanical problems related to safety assessment.” Rep., Dept. of Agric. Engrg., Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
21.
Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M. (1970). “Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses.” Rep. EERC 70‐10, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
22.
Wen, Y. K. (1976). “Method for random vibration of hysteretic system.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 102(2), 249–263.
23.
Wen, K. L., Yeh, Y. T., Huang, W. G., and Cheng, C. S. (1987). “Variation and propagation of seismic strong motions across the SMART1‐LSST array.” Proc., EPRI/NRC/TPC Workshop on Seismic Soil‐Struct. Interaction Analysis Using Data from Lotung, Taiwan, Vol. 2, EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif.
24.
Zeghal, M., and Abdel‐Ghaffar, A. M. (1989). “System identification of earth dams using seismic records.” Struct. Congr. '89, Seismic Engrg.: Res. and Practice, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 181–188.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 120 • Issue 12 • December 1994
Pages: 2100 - 2117
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 25, 1993
Published online: Dec 1, 1994
Published in print: Dec 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.