Dynamic Centrifugal Modeling of a Horizontal Dry Sand Layer
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 3
Abstract
The dynamic response of a 10.7 m (35 ft) thick dry sand layer was modeled on the Cambridge University centrifuge at scale factors of 35 and 80. A stack of teflon‐coated aluminum rings and a latex membrane confined a cylindrically shaped sand model that had a height‐to‐diameter ratio equal to 1. During the scaled sinusoidal base shaking, electronic transducers measured accelerations, transient horizontal displacements and surface settlements. While sensors measuring accelerations and surface settlements worked well, the DC LVDT's used to measure transient horizontal displacements were influenced by frequency‐dependent behavior. Measured results were used to evaluate scaling laws governing dynamic centrifugal modeling and to test for consistency with results of numerical methods and laboratory tests reported in the literature. The results of the test program indicate that a simple sand layer can be effectively modeled aboard a centrifuge and that horizontal accelerations, cyclic shear strains, and settlements follow the scaling laws that govern dynamic centrifugal modeling.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Annaki, M., and Lee, K. L., “Equivalent Uniform Cycle Concept for Soil Dynamics,” Liquefaction Problems in Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE National Convention, 1976, pp. 227–254.
2.
Finn, W. D. Liam, Lee, K. W., and Martin, G. R., “Constitutive Laws for Sand in Dynamic Shear,” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Blacksburg, Va., Vol. 1, 1976, pp. 270–281.
3.
Hadge, W. E., “A Relationship Between the Drained and Undrained Cyclic Behavior of Sand,” thesis presented to the Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., at Cambridge, Mass., in 1979, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
4.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P., “Shear Modulus and Damping in Soils: Design Equations and Curves,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. SM7, July, 1972, pp. 667–692.
5.
Kovacs, W. D., and Leo, E., “Cyclic Simple Shear of Large Scale Sand Samples: Effects of Height to Diameter Ratio,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Vol. 3, 1981.
6.
Kutter, B. L., Centrifuge Modeling of the Response of Clay Embankments to Earthquakes, thesis presented to Cambridge Univ., at Cambridge, England, Nov., in 1982, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
7.
Lambe, P. C., and Whitman, R. V., “Dynamic Centrifugal Modeling of a Horizontal Sand Stratum,” Research Report No. R82‐14, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Sept., 1981.
8.
Martin, G. R., Finn, W. D. Liam, and Seed, H. B., “Liquefaction Under Cyclic Loading,” Journal of the Geotechnical Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT5, May, 1975, pp. 423–438.
9.
Morris, D. V., “The Centrifugal Modeling of Dynamic Soil‐Structure Interaction and Earthquake Behavior,” thesis presented to Cambridge Univ., at Cambridge, England, in 1979, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
10.
Pyke, R., Chan, C. K., and Seed, H. B., “Settlement and Liquefaction of Sands under Multi‐Directional Shaking,” Earthquake Engineering Research Center Report No. EERC 74‐2, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1974.
11.
Schofield, A. N., “Cambridge Geotechnical Centrifuge Operations,” Geotechnique, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1980, pp. 227–268.
12.
Schofield, A. N., “Dynamic and Earthquake Geotechnical Centrifuge Modeling,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Vol. 3, 1981.
13.
Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M., “Soil Moduli and Damping Factors for Dynamic Response Analysis,” Earthquake Engineering Center Report No. 70‐10, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1970.
14.
Silver, M. L., and Seed, H. B., “The Behavior of Sands under Seismic Loading Conditions,” Earthquake Engineering Center Report No. EERC 69‐16, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1969.
15.
Whitman, R. V., Lambe, P. C., and Kutter, B. L., “Initial Results from a Stacked‐Ring Apparatus for Simulation of a Soil Profile,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, Mo., 1981.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 ASCE.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1985
Published in print: Mar 1985
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.