Effect of Fatigue on Fracture Toughness of Concrete
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 112, Issue 8
Abstract
An experimental study utilizing 4‐point bending SENB specimens was carried out to determine the effect of fatigue on the fracture toughness of plain concrete. In addition to fourteen static tests of beams with a midspan precast notch, nine specimens with an initial precast notch of a depth to height ratio of were fatigued until a certain crack length was reached. Crack growth was successfully monitored by the CMOD compliance measurements. Independent surface crack length measurements by a hand‐held scope and observations of the crack front with the use of a fluorescent dye‐penetrant injected into the notch root were also performed. The fracture toughness, under fatigue appears to be higher than under static loading and shows an increasing trend with increasing crack length and number of loading cycles. The observed behavior is most likely related to the presence of a microcracking zone that evolves with fatigue.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Barker, D. B., Hawkins, N. M., Jeang, F. L., Cho, K. Z., and Kobayashi, A. S., “Concrete Fracture in CLWL Specimen,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, Vol. 111, No. 5, May, 1985, pp. 623–638.
2.
Bažant, Z. P., and Oh, B. H., “Crack Band Theory for Fracture of Concrete,” Materials and Structures, Vol. 16, No. 93, May–June, 1983, pp. 155–178.
3.
Bažant, Z. P., Kim, J. K., and Pfeiffer, P., “Determination of Nonlinear Fracture Parameters from Size Effect Tests,” Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Northwestern Univ., Sept., 1984.
4.
Bessendorf, M., and Chudnovsky, A., “A Crack Layer Approach to Toughness Characterization in Steel,” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fracture (ICF6), New Delhi, India, Dec., 1984, pp. 1663–1670.
5.
Calomino, M. A., “Load History Effects on the Fracture Properties of Plain Concrete,” thesis presented to Case Western Reserve University, at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1985, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
6.
Carpinteri, A., “Application of Fracture Mechanics to Concrete Structures,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. ST4, Apr., 1982, pp. 833–848.
7.
Cedolin, L., Poli, S. D., and Iori, I., “Experimental Determination of the Fracture Process Zone in Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 13, 1983, pp. 557–567.
8.
Chappel, J. F., and Ingraffea, A. R., “A Fracture Mechanics Investigation of the Cracking of Fontana Dam,” Report 81‐7, Department of Structural Engineering, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y., Feb., 1981.
9.
Chudnovsky, A., Botsis, J., and Moet, A., “The Effect of Damage Dissemination on Fracture Propagation,” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fracture (ICF6), New Delhi, India, Dec., 1984, pp. 2595–2602.
10.
Chudnovsky, A., Dolgopolsky, A., and Kachanov, M., “On Stress Analysis of a Crack‐Layer,” NASA Contractor Report No. 174774, Oct., 1984.
11.
Evans, A. G., Clifton, J. R., and Anderson, E., “The Fracture Mechanics of Mortars,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 6, 1976, pp. 535–548.
12.
Foote, R. M. L., Cotterell, B., and Mai, Y. W., “Crack Growth Resistance Curve for a Cement Composite,” Advances in Cement‐Matrix Composites, Proceedings, Symposium L, Materials Research Society, Annual Meeting, Boston, Mass., Nov. 17–18, 1980, pp. 135–144.
13.
Go, C. G., and Swartz, S. E., “Fracture Toughness Techniques to Predict Crack Growth and Tensile Failure in Concrete,” Report 150, College of Engineering, Kansas State Univ., July, 1983.
14.
Higgins, D. D., and Bailey, J. E., “Fracture Measurements on Cement Paste,” Journal of Material Science, Vol. 11, 1976, pp. 1995–2003.
15.
Hillerborg, A., Modeer, M., and Peterson, R. E., “Analysis of Crack Formation and Growth in Concrete by Means of Fracture Mechanics and Finite Elements,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, Nov., 1976, pp. 773–782.
16.
Hilsdorf, H. K., and Brameshuber, W., “Size Effects in the Experimental Determination of Fracture Mechanics Parameters,” Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Northwestern Univ., Sept., 1984.
17.
Ingraffea, A. R., “Non‐linear Fracture Models for Discrete Crack Propagation,” Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Northwestern Univ., Sept., 1984.
18.
Kachanov, M., “A Simple Technique of Stress Analysis in Elastic Solids with Many Cracks,” International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 28, 1985, pp. R11–R19.
19.
Kaplan, M. F., “Crack Propagation and the Fracture of Concrete,” ACI Journal, Vol. 58, No. 11, 1961, pp. 591–610.
20.
Knab, L. I., Walker, H. N., Clifton, J. R., and Fuller, E. R., “Fluerescent Thin Sections to Observe the Fracture Zone in Mortar,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 14, 1984, pp. 339–344.
21.
Krell, A., and Kreher, W., “On Subcritical Crack Growth in Ceramics as Influenced by Crack Size and Energy‐Dissipative Mechanisms,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 18, No. 8, Aug., 1983, pp. 2311–2318.
22.
Liu, H. W., “On the Fundamental Basis of Fracture Mechanics,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 17, No. 5, 1983, pp. 425–438.
23.
Lott, J. L., Kesler, C. E., and Naus, D. J., “Fracture Mechanics—Its Applicability to Concrete,” Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Vol. IV, Society of Materials Science, Japan, 1972, pp. 113–124.
24.
Mindess, S., and Diamond, S., “A Preliminary SEM Study of Crack Propagation in Mortar,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 10, 1980, pp. 509–519.
25.
Mindess, S., and Diamond, S., “The Cracking and Fracture of Mortar,” Fracture in Concrete, W. F. Chen and E. C. Ting, Eds., Proceedings on Properties of Materials, ASCE National Convention, Hollywood, Fla., Oct. 27, 1980, pp. 15–27.
26.
Moavanzadeh, F., and Kuguel, R., “Fracture of Concrete,” Journal of Materials, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1969, pp. 497–519.
27.
Modeer, M., “A Fracture Mechanics Approach to Failure Analysis of Concrete Materials,” Report TVBM‐1001, Univ. of Lund, Sweden, 1979.
28.
Naus, D. J., and Lott, J. L., “Fracture Mechanics of Concrete,” International Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, Vol. 2, Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 1973.
29.
Perdikaris, P. C., Calomino, A., and Chudnovsky, A., “Size Effect in Plain Concrete under Fatigue Conditions,” International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct., 1985.
30.
Perdikaris, P. C., and Chudnovsky, A., “New Approach to the Fracture Toughness of Concrete‐Probabilistic Model,” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fracture, Vol. 4, New Delhi, India, Dec., 1984, pp. 2769–2775.
31.
Perdikaris, P. C., and Calomino, M. A., “Load History Effects on the Fracture Properties of Plain Concrete,” Report to the National Science Foundation (CEE‐83‐07937), Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio, Feb., 1986.
32.
Petersson, P. E., “Crack Growth and Development of Fracture Zones in Plain Concrete and Similar Materials,” Report TVBN‐1006, thesis presented to the University of Lund, at Lund, Sweden, in 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
33.
Rice, R. W., McKinney, K. R., Wu, C. C. M., Freiman, S. W., Donough, W. J. M., “Fracture Energy of ,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 20, 1985, pp. 1392–1406.
34.
Saouma, V. E., Ingraffea, A. R., and Catalano, D. M., “Fracture Toughness of Concrete— Revisited,” Report 80‐9, Department of Structural Engineering, Cornell Univ., Oct., 1980.
35.
Sih, G. C., “Non‐Linear Response of Concrete: Interaction of Size, Loading Step and Material Property,” Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Sept., 1984.
36.
Swartz, S. E., Hu, K. K., and Jones, G. L., “Compliance Monitoring of Crack Growth in Concrete,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. EM4, Aug., 1978, pp. 789–800.
37.
Swartz, S. E., Huang, C. M. J., and Hu, K. K., “Crack Width and Fracture in Plain Concrete—Static Versus Fatigue Loading,” Fatigue of Concrete Structures, S. P. Shah, Ed., ACI Special Publication SP‐75, 1982.
38.
Swartz, S. E., and Go, C. G., “Validity of Compliance Calibration to Cracked Concrete Beams in Bending,” Journal of Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 24, No. 2, June, 1984.
39.
Tada, H., Paris, P. C., and Irwin, G. R., The Stress Analysis of Cracks Handbook, Del Research Corporation, 1973.
40.
Visalvanich, K., and Naaman, A. E., “Fracture Methods in Cement Composites,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. EM6, Dec., 1981, pp. 1155–1171.
41.
Walsh, P. F., “Fracture of Plain Concrete,” Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 46, Nov., 1972, pp. 469–470, 476.
42.
Walsh, P. F., “Crack Initiation in Plain Concrete,” Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 28, 1976, pp. 37–41.
43.
Wecharatana, M., and Shah, S. P., “Slow Crack Growth in Cement Composites,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. ST6, June, 1982, pp. 1400–1413.
44.
Wecharatana, M., and Shah, S. P., “Predictions of Nonlinear Fracture Process Zone in Concrete,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 5, Oct., 1983, pp. 1231–1246.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 112 • Issue 8 • August 1986
Pages: 776 - 791
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 ASCE.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1986
Published in print: Aug 1986
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.