TECHNICAL PAPERS
May 1, 2006

Statistical Modeling to Forecast Odor Levels of Biosolids Applied to Reuse Sites

Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 5

Abstract

Proper use or disposal of wastewater solids is an important responsibility of wastewater treatment plants. At present, there are several options for wastewater solids, including agriculture, forestry, and mine reclamation reuse; production of marketable products such as compost and dried pellets; and disposal in landfills and incinerators. Land application of biosolids products is beneficial as part of recycling efforts on local farms, forests, tree farms, and mines and has gained greater acceptance of late. Coupled with these beneficial aspects are odors, which must be managed relative to the receiving populations. In this paper we present several statistical models that predict biosolids odor levels based on processing and management variables as well as ambient conditions. Such models are useful to managers at advanced wastewater treatment plants in helping them to better forecast the biosolids odors and minimize the “odor footprint,” thus making these biosolids products better received.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Professors Eric Seagren and Oliver Hao at the University of Maryland for insightful comments and discussions as well as Jason North and Dorian Tolbert who provided assistance at DCWASA.

References

Arispe, S., Kim, H., McConnell, L. L., Torrents, A., Murthy, S., and Ramirez, M. (2004). “Measuring odorous gases from solids processes of a large wastewater treatment plant.” WEF/WEAU Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Banwart, W. L., and Bremner, J. M. (1976). “Evolution of volatile sulfur compounds from soils treated with sulfur containing organic materials.” Soil Biol. Biochem., 8, 439–443.
Chow, G. C. (1960). “Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions.” Econometrica, 28, 591–605.
Crohn, D. M., and Thomas, A. C. (1998). “Mixed-integer programming approach for designing land application systems at a regional scale.” J. Environ. Eng., 124(2), 170–177.
D’Amato, R. M., II, and DeHollander, G. R. (1999). “Gaseous emissions from wastewater facilities.” Water Environ. Res., 71(5), 715–720.
DCWASA. (2003). http://www.dcwasa.com
De Michele, E. (2000). “The national biosolids partnership: Background, progress, and the future.” Proc. Biosolids Management in the 21st Century, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1994a). “Biosolids recycling: Beneficial technology for a better environment.” Rep. No. EPA 832/R-94-009, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1994b). “Plain English guide to the EPA part 503 biosolids rule.” Rep. No. EPA/832/R-93/003, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wastewater Management, Washington, D.C.
Evanylo, G. K. (1999). Land application of biosolids for agricultural purposes in Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publ. No. 452-300.
Japanese Environmental Agency (JEA). (1980). “Reports of studies on the measurement of offensive odors (from 1972–1980).” Code D3, Tokyo (In Japanese).
Johnston, J. (1984). Econometric Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Kim, H., Murthy, S., McConnell, L. L., Peot, C., Ramirez, M., and Strawn, M. (2002). “Characterization of wastewater and solids odors using solid phase microextraction at a large wastewater treatment plant.” Water Sci. Technol., 46(10), 9–16.
Kim, H., Murthy, S. N., McConnell, L., Peot, C., Ramirez, M., and Strawn, M. (2003). “Examination of mechanisms for odor compound generation during lime stabilization.” Water Envir. Res., 75(2), 121–125.
Maddala, G. S. (1977). Econometrics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Maddala, G. S. (1983). Limited-dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Metcalf and Eddy (1991). Wastewater engineering: Treatment disposal reuse, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Mosier, A. R., Morrison, S. M., and Elmond, G. K. (1977). “Odors and emissions from organic wastes.” Soil for Management of Organic Waste and Wastewaters, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wis., 532–569.
Murthy, S. N., Kim, H., McConnell, L., Peot, C., Bailey, W., Novak, J., and Glindemann, D. (2002a). “Mechanisms for odour generation during lime stabilization.” IWA Biennial Conf., Melbourne, Australia.
Murthy, S. N., Peot, C., Ramirez, M., Kim, H., Higgins, M., and North, J. (2002b). “Characteristics and control of odors from lime-stabilized and digested biosolids.” Annual Meeting for Biosolids Management, Austin, Tex.
Murthy, S. N., Sadick, T., Baily, W., Peot, C., Tolbert, D., and Strawn, M. (2001). “Mitigation of odors from lime stabilized biosolids.” WEF Residuals and Biosolids Management Conf., San Diego.
Novak, J., Glindemann, D., Murthy, S. N., Gerwin, S. C., and Peot, C. (2002). “Mechanisms for generation and control of trimethyl amine and dimethyl disulfide from lime stabilized biosolids.” WEF Odor Conf., Albuquerque, N.M.
NRCS. (2003). “National resources inventory 2001 Annual NRI.” Soil Erosion, July 2003.
Oleszkiewicz, J. A., and Mavinic, D. S. (2002). “Wastewater biosolids: An overview of processing, treatment, and management.” J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 1, 75–88.
Rosenfeld, P. E. (1999). “Characterization, quantification, and control of odor emissions from biosolids applications to forest soil,” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Washington, Seattle.
Ruth, J. H. (1986). “Odor thresholds and irritation levels of several chemical substances: a review.” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 47, 142–151.
Sostrand, P., Tvedt, B., Eduard, W., Bye, E., and Heldal, K. (2000). “Hazardous peak concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas related to the sewage purification process.” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 61(1), 107–110.
“Standards for the use or disposal of sewage sludge: Final rules.” (1993). Federal Register, 58(32), 9248–9415.
Vilalai, S. (2003). “Forecasting odor levels for biosolids product based on ambient conditions,” MS thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Environmental Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 132Issue 5May 2006
Pages: 479 - 488

History

Received: May 10, 2004
Accepted: Jun 21, 2005
Published online: May 1, 2006
Published in print: May 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Steven A. Gabriel, M.ASCE
Assistant Professor, Project Management Program, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Sirapong Vilalai
Ph.D. Graduate Student, Project Management Program, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. E-mail: [email protected]
Christopher Peot, P.E.
Biosolids Manager, District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, D.C. 20032. E-mail: [email protected]
Mark Ramirez
Biosolids Process Engineer, District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, D.C. 20032. E-mail: [email protected].

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share