Predicting Chlorine Residuals and Formation of TTHMs in Drinking Water
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 12
Abstract
Chlorination is the most widely practiced form of disinfection in the United States. It is highly effective against most microbiological contaminants. However, there is concern that the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed by the use of chlorine might be carcinogenic. One class of DBPs that are formed and the only class of DBPs that currently are regulated are total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). Therefore, much effort is being expended in developing models that can be used to predict both TTHMs and chlorine residual levels in treated drinking water. This paper presents a model that predicts both TTHMs and chlorine residuals based on the consumption of chlorine and can be used to assist in evaluating the complex balance between microbial and DBP risks associated with disinfecting drinking water with chlorine. The parameters of the model have been found to be functions of total organic carbon, pH, temperature, and initial chlorine residual level. Bromide and the subsequent formation of brominated by-products were not considered in this paper.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 12 • December 1998
Pages: 1203 - 1210
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1998
Published in print: Dec 1998
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