TECHNICAL PAPERS
Dec 1, 1998

Cr-Polluted Soil Studied by High Gradient Magnetic Separation and Electron Probe

Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 12

Abstract

An Fe-rich soil from the site of a former leather tannery, heavily polluted with Cr, was studied using a combination of wet chemical analysis, high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). It is demonstrated that such a combination is a powerful tool for the characterization of polluted soils, especially in cases where the pollution is present as discrete particles. Both EPMA and magnetic separation data indicated that the Cr pollution was present as a hydrous Cr-oxide phase. The Cr does not correlate with the Fe minerals, most likely as a result of the initial high Cr concentrations in the soil, which lead to precipitation of separate hydrous Cr-oxide minerals and Fe minerals. The Cr-containing material is present as (layered) aggregates, which are formed around larger quartz grains or around very small other particles that served as precipitation nuclei. Magnetic separation tests show that the Cr pollution can largely be removed by HGMS.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Adamo, P., Duka, S., Wilson, M. J., and Hardy, W. J.(1996). “Chemical and mineralogical forms of Cu and Ni in contaminated soils from the Sudbury mining and smelting region, Canada.”Envir. Pollution, 91(1), 11–19.
2.
Avens, L. R., et al. (1993). “Magnetic separation for soil decontamination.”Soil decontamination, Berlin, 787–789.
3.
Chao, T. T., and Theobald Jr., P. K.(1976). “The significance of iron and manganese oxides in geochemical exploration.”Economic Geol., 71, 1560–1569.
4.
Dijkstra, S., van den Hul, H. J., Jubeli, Y. M., Ramanamurty, M. V., and Sen, T. K.(1987). “Experiments on the use of selective extraction for anomaly classification.”J. Geochem. Exploration, 29, 247–258.
5.
Dixon, J. B., and Weed, S. B. (1977). Minerals in soil environments. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wis.
6.
Dzomback, D. A., and Morel, F. M. M. (1990). Surface complexation modeling. Wiley Interscience, New York.
7.
Foex, G. (1957). “Tables of constants and numerical data 7 (Ch. Marie 1909).”Constantes sélectionnées diamagnétisme et paramagnétisme, Masson & Cle, Paris.
8.
Gabru, S. K., St. Arnaud, R. J., and Mermut, A. R.(1987). “Liquid magnetic separation of iron bearing materials from sand fractions of soils.”Can. J. Soil Sci., Ottawa, Canada, 67, 561–569.
9.
Gabru, S. K., St. Arnaud, R. J., and Mermut, A. R.(1988). “Use of high gradient magnetic separation in detailed clay mineral studies.”Can. J. Soil Sci., Ottawa, Canada, 68, 645–655.
10.
Gabru, S. K., St. Arnaud, R. J., and Mermet, A. R.(1990). “Isolation of an iron-rich chlorite-like mineral from soil clays.”Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54, 281–287.
11.
Gaudin, A. M., and Spedden, H. R. (1943). “Magnetic separation of sulfide minerals.”Tech. Publ. No. 1549, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, New York.
12.
Hildebrand, E. E., and Blum, W. E.(1974). “Lead fixation by iron oxides.”Naturwissenschaften, Berlin, 61, 169–170.
13.
Hiller, D. A., and Brummer, G. W. (1995). “Mikrosondenuntersuchungen an underschiedlich stark mit Schwermetallen belasteten boden. I: Methodischen Gundlagen und Elementanalysen an pedogenen oxiden.”Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde, Weinheim, Germany, 158, 147–156 (in German).
14.
Jackson, T. A., and Bistricki, T.(1995). “Selective scavenging of copper, zinc, lead, and arsenic by iron and manganese oxyhydroxide coatings on plankton in lakes polluted with mine and smelter wastes: results of energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis.”J. Geotech. Exploration, 52, 97–125.
15.
MacKenzie, R. C. (1972). Differential thermal analysis, Vol. 2, Academic Press, London.
16.
Manceau, A., Charlet, L., Boisset, M. C., Didier, B., and Spandini, L.(1992). “Sorption and speciation of heavy metals on hydrous Fe and Mn-oxides: from microscopic to macroscopic.”Appl. Clay Sci., 7, 201–223.
17.
McAndrew, J.(1957). “Calibration of a Frantz isodynamic separator and its application to mineral separation.”Proc., Australasian Inst. of Mining and Metallurgy, Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Carlton, Victoria, Australia, 181, 59–73.
18.
McBride, M. B.(1989). “Reactions controlling heavy metal solubility in soils.”Advances in Soil Sci., 10, 1–55.
19.
McKenzie, R. M.(1980). “The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals on manganese and iron.”Austr. J. Soil Res., Melbourne, Australia, 18, 61–73.
20.
Nesset, J. E., and Finch, J. A.(1980). “Determination of magnetic parameters for field dependent susceptibility minerals by Frantz isodynamic separator.”Trans., Inst. of Mining and Metallurgy, 89, 161–166.
21.
Pearl, M., Wood, P., Martin, I., Barber, S. P., Lejeune, G., and Bardos, R. P. (1994). “Using separation processes from the mineral processing industry as an enabling technology for soil treatment laboratory and pilot plant study.”Proc., NATO/CCMS Conf. on Demonstration of Remedial Action Technol. for Contaminated Land and Groundwater, NATO/CCMS, Brussels, 1–22.
22.
Postma, D., and Brockenhuus-Schack, B. S.(1987). “Diagenesis of iron in proglacial sand deposits of late- and post-weichselian age.”J. Sedimentary Petrology, 57(6), 1040–1053.
23.
Rikers, R., Ringeling, R., and Dalmijn, W. L. (1994a). “Characterization of sieve sand and polluted soil.”Tagung der GAR-Veranstaltungsreihe, Characterisierung fester Reststoffe und Adfalle, Gesellschaft fur Aubereitungstechnik und Recycling, Freiberg, Germany, 153–164.
24.
Rikers, R. A., Voncken, J., and Dalmijn, W. L. (1994b). “Magneetscheiding maakt vervuiling beter zichtbaar.”Proc., 6e Nationaal Symposium Bodemonderzoek, Programma Bureau Bodemonderzoek, Lunteren, The Netherlands, 154–155.
25.
Rosenblum, S.(1958). “Magnetic susceptibilities of minerals in the Frantz isodynamic separator.”The Am. Mineralogist, 43, 170–173.
26.
Samsonov, G. V. (1973). The oxide handbook. Plenum Press, New York.
27.
Schubert, H. (1989). Aufbereitung Fester Mineralishcher Rohstoffe. VEB Deutscher Verlag fur Grondstoffindustrie, Berlin (in German).
28.
Stucki, J., and Schwertmann, U. (1988). Iron in soils and clay minerals: NATO ASI Series C: mathematical and physical sciences, Vol. 217, NATO, Brussels.
29.
Svoboda, J. (1987). Magnetic methods for the treatment of minerals: developments in mineral processing, Vol. 8, Elsevier Science, New York.
30.
Thorstensen, T. C. (1976). Practical leather technology. R. E. Krieger Publishing Co., Huntington, N.Y.
31.
Tucker, P.(1994). “Modeling wet high intensity magnetic separation: a case study.”Minerals Engrg., 7(10), 1281–1300.
32.
Voncken, J., Rikers, R. A., and Dalmijn, W. L. (1994). “X-ray mapping, een methode om metallische verontreinigingen te localiseren in concentraten van vervuilde grond.”Proc., 6e Nationaal Symposium Bodemonderzoek, Programma Bureau Bodemonderzoek, Lunteren, The Netherlands, 157–158.
33.
Weiss, N. L. (1985). SME mineral processing handbook. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., New York.
34.
Zachara, J. M., Girvin, D. C., Schmidt, R. L., and Resch, C. T.(1987). “Chromate adsorption on amorphous iron hydroxide in the presence of major groundwater ions.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 21(6), 589–594.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Environmental Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 124Issue 12December 1998
Pages: 1159 - 1164

History

Published online: Dec 1, 1998
Published in print: Dec 1998

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

R. A. Rikers
PhD Student, Dept. of Raw Mat. Technol., Facu. of Appl. Earth Sci., Delft Univ. of Technol., Mijnbouwstraat 120, 2628 RX Delft, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]
J. H. L. Voncken
Lect. Mineralogy, Dept. of Raw Mat. Technol., Facu. of Appl. Earth Sci., Delft Univ. of Technol., Mijnbouwstraat 120, 2628 RX Delft, The Netherlands.
W. L. Dalmijn
Prof., Dept. of Raw Mat. Technol., Facu. of Appl. Earth Sci., Delft Univ. of Technol., Mijnbouwstraat 120, 2628 RX Delft, The Netherlands.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share