Metal Ion Leaching from Contaminated Soils: Model Calibration and Application
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 12
Abstract
A previously developed model that describes leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soils is applied to four hazardous-waste-site soils contaminated with Pb. Processes included in the model are intraparticle diffusion, rate expressions for irreversibly and reversibly sorbed fractions, and metal complexation by ions in solution. The model is calibrated using laboratory experimental data in the pH 1–3 range, liquid-to-solid mass ratios from 5 to 20, and leaching times of 24 h. Parameters for the model are estimated through a combination of independent experiments, literature correlations, and mathematical optimization. Equilibrium data were used to estimate site density and an adsorption equilibrium constant. Two kinetic rate coefficients, a particle tortuosity factor, and a distribution coefficient (αa) that defined the amount of Pb in two contaminant fractions were adjusted to match kinetic leaching data. Using one set of parameter estimates for each soil, the model successfully simulated experimental data collected under different leaching conditions. The fraction of Pb associated with easily leachable, irreversibly sorbed fraction (1 −αa) provides some insight to the geochemical distribution of Pb in the soils tested. The model is used to explore effects of process variables such as liquid-to-solid ratio and sequential washes. The model should be useful for simulating ex-situ soil washing processes and may, with further development, have applications for in-situ flushing processes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Annual book of ASTM standards. (1996). Soil and rock (I), 4.08 (ASTM #D2487-93), West Conshohocken, Pa., 214–224.
2.
Berti, W. R., and Cunningham, S. D. (1994). “Remediating soil lead with green plants.”Trace substances, environment and health, C. R. Cothern, ed., Science Reviews, Charlottesville, Va.
3.
Brady, N. C. (1990). The nature and property of soils, 10th Ed., Macmillian Publishing Co., New York.
4.
Braun, R. L., Lewis, A. E., and Wadsworth, M. E.(1974). “In-place leaching of primary sulfide ores: Laboratory leaching data and kinetics model.”Metallurgical Trans., 5(8), 1717–1726.
5.
Chaiken, R. F.(1992). “An absorption/desorption model for solids leaching.”Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 2589–2593.
6.
Cernik, M., Barmettler, K., Grolimund, D., Rohr, W., Borkovec, M., and Sticher, H.(1994a). “Cation transport in natural porous media on laboratory scale: multicomponent effects.”J. Contaminant Hydro., 16, 319–337.
7.
Cernik, M., Federed, P., Borkovec, M., and Sticher, H.(1994b). “Modeling of heavy metal transport in a contaminated soil.”J. Envir. Quality, 23, 1239–1248.
8.
Cussler, E. L. (1988). “Diffusion: Mass transfer in fluid systems.” Cambridge University Press, New York.
9.
Davis, J. A., and Kent, D. B. (1990). “Surface complexation modeling in aqueous geochemistry.”Mineral-water interface geochemistry, Vol. 23, M. F. Hochella and A. F. White, eds., BookCrafters, Inc., Chelsa, Mich., 177–260.
10.
Dixon, D. G., and Hendrix, J. L. (1993). “A general model for leaching of one or more solid reactants from porous ore particles.”Metallurgical Trans. B, 24B(1), 157–169.
11.
Dzombak, D. A., and Morel, F. M. M. (1990). Surface complexation modeling: Hydrous ferric oxide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
12.
Ganguly, C., Matsumoto, M. R., Rabideau, A., and Van Benschoten, J. E.(1998). “Metal ion leaching from contaminated soils: Model development.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 124(3), 278–287.
13.
Harriott, P.(1962). “Mass transfer to particles: Part 1. Suspended in agitated tanks.”Am. Inst. of Chem. Eng. J., 8(1), 93–102.
14.
Hayes, K. F., and Leckie, J. O. (1986). “Mechanism of lead ion adsorption at the goethite-water interface.”Geochemical processes at mineral surfaces, J. A. Davis and K. F. Hayes, eds., ACS Symposium Series, 323, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., 114–141,
15.
Jopony, M., and Young, S. D.(1987). “A constant potential titration method for studying the kinetics of Cu2+ desorption from soil and clay minerals.”J. Soil Sci., 38(92), 219–226.
16.
Krol, A. A., Bell, P. R. F., and Greenfield, P. F.(1993). “A model for the leaching of major inorganics from retorted rundle oil shale.”Water Resour., 27(2), 227–291.
17.
Marquardt, D. W.(1963). “An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters.”J. Appl. Mathematics, 11, 431–441.
18.
Morel, F. M. M., and Hering, J. G. (1993). Principles and applications of aquatic chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
19.
Peters, E.(1991). “The mathematical modeling of leaching systems.”JOM, 43(2), 20–26.
20.
Satterfield, C. N., and Way, P. F.(1972). “The role of the liquid phase in the performance of a trickle bed reactor.”AIChE J., 18(2), 305–311.
21.
Selim, H. M., Buchter, B. Hinz, and C., and Ma(1992). “Modeling the transport and retention of cadmium in soils: Multireaction and multicomponent approaches.”Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56, 1004–1015.
22.
Shafer, J. L., White, M. L., and Caenepeel, C. L.(1979). “Application of the shrinking core model for copper oxide leaching.”Mining Engrg., 31(2), 165–171.
23.
Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J. (1995). Aquatic chemistry, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
24.
Tuin, B. J. W., and Tels, M. J.(1990). “Extraction kinetics of six heavy metals from contaminated soils.”Envir. Technol., London, 11(11), 541–554.
25.
Van Benschoten, J. E., Matsumoto, M., and Young, W. H.(1997). “Evaluation and analysis of soil washing for seven contaminated soils.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 123(3), 217–224.
26.
Whitfield, M.(1975). “The extension of chemical models for sea water to include trace components at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 39, 1545–1557.
27.
Yarlagadda, P. S., Matsumoto, M. R., and Van Benschoten, J. E.(1995). “Characteristics of heavy metals in contaminated soils.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 121(4), 276–286.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 12 • December 1998
Pages: 1150 - 1158
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1998
Published in print: Dec 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.