Anaerobic Removal of Pentachlorophenol in Presence of Zinc
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 7
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the toxic effects and degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the presence of zinc in anaerobic propionate systems. Anaerobic toxicity assays (ATA), batch kinetic studies, and biodegradation studies were performed using serum bottles. PCP inhibition was modeled using both uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition kinetic models with an inhibition coefficient, K I, of 0.06 mg/L. Zinc toxicity showed that the competitive inhibition model was the best-fit with a K I of 1.1 mg/L. A combined competitive-uncompetitive inhibition model was the best-fit model in the presence of both PCP and zinc for propionate degradation. In the biodegradation studies, PCP removals were 72, 64, and 54% with spiked PCP concentrations of 2, 3, and 5 mg/L, respectively. In the presence of zinc, the removal of 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L of PCP decreased to 60% and 53%, respectively. The intermediates of PCP degradation were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, and 3-chlorophenol; lower concentrations of these intermediates were observed in the presence of zinc.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bandyopadhyay, S. (1995). “Effect of pentachlorophenol and zinc on anaerobic propionate degradation,” PhD thesis, Civ. and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Tulane University, La.
2.
Bhattacharya, S. K., and Parkin, G. F. (1986). “Toxic substances in methane fermentation systems: fate and effect on process kinetics.”Final Rep. NSF Grant No. CEE-83-00687, Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, Pa.
3.
Bhattacharya, S. K., and Parkin, G. F. (1988). “Modeling toxicity kinetics in complete-mix anaerobic systems.”Joint CSCE-ASCE Nat. Conf. on Envir. Engrg., Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 779–785.
4.
Boyd, S. A., Mikesell, M. D., and Lee, J.(1989). “Chlorophenols in soils, reductions and movement of organic chemicals in soils.”Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. Special Publ., 22, 209–228.
5.
Cirelli, D. P. (1978). Pentachlorophenol: chemistry, pharmacology and environmental toxicology, K. R. Rao, ed., Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, N.Y., 13–18.
6.
Crosby, D. G., Benyon, K. I., Grere, P. A. Korte, F., Still, and G. G., and Vonk(1981). “Environmental chemistry of pentachlorophenol.”Pure Appl. Chem., 53, 1051–1080.
7.
Davis, A., Campbell, J., Gilbert, C., Ruby, M. V., Bennett, M., and Tobin, S.(1994). “Attenuation and Biodegradation of chlorophenols in ground water at a former wood treating facility.”Ground Water, 32, 248–257.
8.
Dohanyos, M., Zabranska, J., and Grau, P. (1988). “Anaerobic breakdown of acrylic acid.”Anaerobic Digestion 1988: Proc., 5th Int. Symp. on Anaerobic Digestion, Bologna, Italy, 287–294.
9.
Dronamraju, M. M. (1994). “Sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogens: interaction and degradation of selected chlorophenols and nitrophenols,” PhD thesis, Civ. and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Tulane Univ., La.
10.
Forstner, U., and Wittmann, G. T. W. (1979). Metal pollution in the environment. Springer Verlag, New York, N.Y.
11.
Hayes, T. D., and Theis, T. L.(1978). “The distribution of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion.”J. Water Pollution Control Federation, 50, 61–69.
12.
Hendriksen, H. V., Larsen, S., and Ahring, B. K.(1992). “Influence of a supplemental carbon source on anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in granular sludge.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 58, 365–370.
13.
Hickey, R. F., Vanderwielen, J., and Switzenbaum, M. S.(1988). “The effect of heavy metals on methane production and hydrogen and carbon monoxide levels during batch anaerobic sludge digestion.”Water Res., 23, 207–218.
14.
Kohring, G-T.(1989). “Anaerobic dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in freshwater sediments in the presence of sulfate.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 55, 2735–2744.
15.
Lawrence, A. W., and McCarty, P. L.(1970). “Unified basis for biological treatment design and operation.”J. Sanit. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96(3), 757–763.
16.
Madsen, T., and Aamand, J.(1992). “Anaerobic transform and toxicity of trichlorophenols in a stable enrichment culture.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 58, 557–561.
17.
Majumdar, P., Bandyopadhay, S., and Bhattacharya, S. K. (1992). Effects of heavy metals on biodegradation of organic compounds, in applied biotechnology for site remediation, R. E. Hinchee, D. B. Anderson, F. B. Metting, and G. D. Sayles, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fla.
18.
McCarty, P. L. (1972). “Stoichiometry of biological reactions.” Paper presented at “Toward a Unified Concept of Biological Waste Treatment Design,” Atlanta, Ga.
19.
Mikesell, M. D., and Boyd, S. A.(1988). “Enhancement of pentachlorophenol degradation in soil through induced anaerobiosis and bioaugmentation with anaerobic sewage sludge.”Envir. Sci. Technol., 22, 1411–1414.
20.
Mohn, W. W., and Kennedy, K. J. (1992). “Reductive dehalogenation of chlorophenols by Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 58, 1367–1370.
21.
Nicholson, D. K., Woods, S. L., Istok, J. D., and Peek, D. C.(1992). “Reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols by a pentachlorophenol-acclimated methanogenic consortium.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 58, 2280–2286.
22.
Owen, W. F., Stuckey, D. C., Young, L. Y., and McCarty, P. L.(1979). “Bioassay for monitoring biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity.”Water Res., 13, 485–597.
23.
Parkes, R. J., Gibson, G. R., Mueller-Harvey, I., Buckingham, W. J., and Herbert, R. A.(1989). “Determination of the substrate for sulfate-reducing bacteria within marine and esturarine sediments with different rates of sulfate reduction.”J. General Microbiol., 135, 175–187.
24.
Parkin, G. F., and Speece, R. E.(1982). “Modeling toxicity in methane fermentation systems.”J. Envir. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 108, 515–529.
25.
Smith, R. L., and Klug, M. J.(1981). “Electron donors utilized by sulfate reducing bacteria ineutrophic lake sediments.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 42, 116–124.
26.
Smith, D. P., and McCarty, P. L.(1988). “Energetic and rate effects on methanogenesis of ethanol and propionate in perturbed CSTRs.”Biotechnol. and Bioengrg., 34, 39–54.
27.
“Standard Methods For Examination of water and wastewater.” (1992). 18th Ed., A. E. Greenberg, L. S. Clesceri, A. D. Eaton, eds., Am. Public Health Assoc., Washington, D.C.
28.
Trevors, J. T.(1982). “Effect of temperature on the degradation of pentachlorophenol.”Chemosphere, 11, 471–475.
29.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (1993). “Toxicological profile for pentachlorophenol.”No. 205-88-0608, Clement International Corporation.
30.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987). “Soil attenuation of chemicals: draft technical resource document for public comment.”EPA/530-SW-87-006, Hazardous Waste Engrg. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
31.
Volskay, V. T., and Grady, C. P. L.(1988). “Toxicity of selected RCRA compounds.”J. Water Pollution Control Federation, 60, 1850–1862.
32.
Wagner, S., and Schink, B.(1988). “Fermentative degradation of nonionic surfactants and polyethylene glycol by enrichment cultures and pure cultures of homoacetogenic and propionate-forming bacteria.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 54, 561–565.
33.
Woods, S. L., Ferguson, J. F., and Benjamin, M. M.(1989). “Characterization of chlorophenol and chloromethoxy benzene biodegradation during anaerobic treatment.”Envir. Sci. Technol., 23, 62–68.
34.
Wu, W., Bhatnagar, L., and Zeikus, G. J.(1993). “Performance of anaerobic granules for degradation of pentachlorophenol.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 59, 389–397.
35.
Yuan, Q. (1992). “Fate and effect of pentachlorophenol on combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment systems,” Master thesis, Civ. and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Tulane University, La.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 122 • Issue 7 • July 1996
Pages: 590 - 598
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1996
Published in print: Jul 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.