Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 119, Issue 2
Abstract
Biological degradation of 12 chlorinated aliphatic compounds (CACs) was assessed in bench‐top reactors and in serum bottle tests. Three continuously mixed daily batch‐fed reactor systems were evaluated: anaerobic, aerobic, and sequential‐anaerobic‐aerobic (sequential). Glucose, acetate, benzoate, and phenol were fed as growth substrates to both the anaerobic and aerobic systems. Methane and toluene were also added to the aerobic systems to induce cometabolic degradation of the feed CACs. The anaerobic culture degraded seven of the feed CACs. The specialized aerobic cultures degraded all but three of the highly chlorinated CACs. The sequential system outperformed either of the other systems alone by degrading 10 of the feed CACs: chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1‐dichloroethane, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, hexachloroethane, 1,1‐dichloroethylene, trans‐1,2‐dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and 1,2,3‐trichloropropane, plus the anaerobic metabolites: dichloromethane and cis‐1,2‐dichloroethylene. Sequential treatment did not show significant removal of 2‐chloropropene, or 1,1‐dichloropropene. Cultures from each of the reactors were used in bottle tests to determine relative CAC degradation rates. Maximum degradation rates observed for individual CACs ranged from 20 to 150 μg per gram volatile suspended solids per day.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Alvarez‐Cohen, L., and McCarty, P. L. (1991). “Product toxicity and cometabolic competitive inhibition modeling of chloroform and trichloroethylene transformation by methanotrophic resting cells.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 57(4), 1031–1037.
2.
Ashworth, R. A. (1988). “Air‐water partitioning coefficients of organics in dilute aqueous solutions.” J. Hazardous Mater., 18(1), 25–36.
3.
Barrio‐Lage, G., Parsons, F. Z., Nassar, R. S., and Lorenzo, P. A. (1986). “Sequential dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes.” Envir. Sci. Tech., 20(1), 96–99.
4.
Bouwer, E. J., and McCarty, P. L. (1983). “Transformations of 1‐ and 2‐carbon halogenated aliphatic organic compounds under methanogenic conditions.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 45(4), 1286–1294.
5.
Catalogue of bacteria and phages. (1989). 17th Ed., American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.
6.
DiStefano, T. D., Gossett, J. M., and Zinder, S. H. (1991). “Reductive dechlorination of high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene to ethene by anaerobic enrichment culture in the absence of methanogenesis.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 57(8), 2287–2292.
7.
Egli, C., Scholtz, R., Cook, A. M., and Leisinger, T. (1987). “Anaerobic dechlorination of tetrachloromethane and 1,2‐dichloroethane to degradable products by pure cultures of Desulfobacterium sp. and Methanobacterium sp.” FEMS Microbiol. Letters, 43(3), 257–261.
8.
Egli, C., Stromeyer, E., Cook, A. M., and Leisinger, T. (1990). “Transformation of tetra‐ and trichloromethane to by anaerobic bacteria is a nonenzymic process.” FEMS Microbiol. Letters, 68(1–2), 207–212.
9.
Egli, C., Tschan, T., Scholtz, R., Cook, A. M., and Leisinger, T. (1988). “Transformation of tetrachloromethane and carbon dioxide by Acetobacterium woodii.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 54(11), 2819–2824.
10.
Fathepure, B. Z., and Boyd, S. A. (1988). “Dependance of tetrachloroethylene dechlorination on methanogenic substrate consumption by methanosarsina ap. strain DCM.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 54(12), 2980–2986.
11.
Fathepure, B. Z., Nengu, J. P., and Boyd, S. A. (1987). “Anaerobic bacteria that dechlorinate perchloroethene.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 53(11), 2671–2674.
12.
Fogel, M. M., Taddeo, A. R., and Fogel, S. (1986). “Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes by a methane utilizing mixed culture.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 51(4), 720–724.
13.
Freedman, D. L., and Gossett, J. M. (1989). “Biological reductive dechlorination of tetrachlorethylene and trichloroethylene to ethylene under methanogenic conditions.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 55(9), 2144–2151.
14.
Galli, R., and McCarty, P. L. (1989). “Biotransformation of 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloromethane by a Clostridium species.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 55(4), 837–844.
15.
Gerhardt, P., ed. (1981). Manual of methods for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
16.
Gossett, J. M. (1985). “Anaerobic degradation of C1 and C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons.” ESL‐TR‐85‐88, Air Force Engrg. and Service Ctr., Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla.
17.
Jones, W. J., Nagle, D. P. Jr., and Whitman, W. B. (1987). “Methanogens and the diversity of Archaebacteria.” Microbiology Rev., 51(1), 135–177.
18.
Kloepfer, R. D., Easley, D. M., Haas, B. B. Jr., and Deihl, T. G. (1985). “Anaerobic degradation of trichloroethylene in soil.” Envir. Sci. Tech., 19(3), 277–280.
19.
Lew, D. J., and Bouwer, E. J. (1988). “Anoxic biotransformations of halogenated aliphatic micropollutants.” Proc. Water Pollution Control Federation Conf., Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C.
20.
Long, J. (1990). “Sequential anaerobic‐aerobic treatment of chlorinated aliphatics,” MS thesis, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
21.
McKay, D., and Shiu, W. Y. (1981). “Critical review of Henry's Law constants for chemicals of environmental interest.” J. Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 10(4), 1175–1199.
22.
Nelson, M. K. J., Montgomery, S. O., Mahaffey, W. R., and Pritchard, P. H. (1987). “Biodegradation of trichloroethene and involvement of an aromatic biodegradative pathway.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 53(5), 949–954.
23.
Oldenhuis, R., Vink, R. L. J. M., Janssen, D. B., and Witholt, B. (1989). “Degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Methylosinus trichosporium 0B3b expressing soluble methane monooxygenase.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 55(11), 2819–2826.
24.
Parsons, F. Z., Barrio‐Lage, G., and Rice, J. M. (1985). “Biotransformation of chlorinated organic solvents in static microcosms.” Envir. Toxicol. Chem., 4(6), 739–742.
25.
Shelton, D. R., and Tiedje, J. M. (1984). “General method for determining anaerobic biodegradation potential.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 47(4), 850–857.
26.
Standard methods for the examination of wastewater. (1989). 17th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
27.
Strand, S. E., Bjelland, M. J., and Stensel, H. D. (1990). “Kinetics of chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation by suspended cultures of methane‐oxidizing bacteria.” Res. J. Water Pollution Control Federation, 62(2), 124–129.
28.
Strand, S. E., and Shippert, L. (1986). “Oxidation of chloroform in aerobic soil exposed to natural gas.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 52(1), 203–205.
29.
Vandenbergh, P. A., and Kunka, B. S. (1988). “Metabolism of volatile chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomones Fluorescens.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 54(10), 2578–2579.
30.
Vogel, T. M., Criddle, C. S., and McCarty, P. L. (1987). “Transformation of halogenated aliphatic compounds.” Envir. Sci. Tech., 21(8), 722–736.
31.
Vogel, T. M., and McCarty, P. L. (1985). “Biotransformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and carbon dioxide under methanogenic conditions.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 49(5), 1080–1083.
32.
Vogel, T. M., and McCarty, P. L. (1987). “Abiotic and biotic transformations of 1,1,1‐trichloroethane under methanogenic conditions.” Envir. Sci. Tech., 21(12), 1208–1213.
33.
Wackett, L. P., and Gibson, D. T. (1988). “Degradation of trichloroethylene by toluene dioxygenase in whole‐cell studies with Pseudomonas putida F1.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 54(7), 1703–1708.
34.
Wackett, L. P., Brusseau, G. A., Householder, S. R., and Hanson, R. S. (1989). “Survey of microbial oxygenases: Trichloroethylene degradation by propane‐oxidizing bacteria.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 55(11), 2960–2964.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 20, 1991
Published online: Mar 1, 1993
Published in print: Mar 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.