Turbulence Characteristics of the Hydraulic Jump

Because the fluid discontinuities produced by entrapped air interfere with the measurement of turbulence in the hydraulic jump itself, the flow pattern of the jump has been simulated in an air duct and the hot-wire anemometer used to determine the corresponding pattern of turbulence for Froude numbers of 2, 4, and 6. In the analytical section of the paper the modeling method is justified and the differential and integral forms of the pertinent momentum and energy equations are explained. The experimental apparatus and techniques are described next, and the basic data are presented in diagrams. The measured characteristics of the mean flow and of the turbulence are then correlated in accordance with the momentum and energy equations, and the process of energy conversion from the mean flow through turbulence to heat is followed in detail. Various aspects of the hydraulic jump, long subject to conjecture or misunderstanding, are thereby clarified.