Local Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Textile Reinforced Mortar Jackets under Gravity and Cyclic Loadings
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 28, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper investigates the effectiveness of local strengthening using textile reinforced mortar (TRM) jackets on the global response of reinforced concrete (RC) frames under gravity and lateral cyclic loadings. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to develop and validate an RC bare frame model against an experimental study in the literature. Consequently, four TRM strengthening configurations were applied considering the column’s confinement and strengthening of joints and beams. With the aim to attain a ductile behavior of the frame, the selection of each configuration was based on the predicted failure of the preceding strengthening arrangement. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of the number of layers, length of TRM jackets, textile orientation, and distributed load values. Finally, the FEA models were compared with traditionally and noninteracting masonry infilled frames from the literature. By evaluating the local retrofitting influence on the global response of the frames, the strength and stiffness enhancements were marginal as compared to the control model. Local measures were more effective in the frame’s post-peak response, hence, enhancing the ductility of RC frames. The TRM application to the beam-column joints resulted in substantially higher energy dissipation as compared to the model with no joint upgrading. When comparing the TRM local strengthening method to the global technique using infilled walls, the TRM retrofitted models showed similar energy dissipation to that of noninteracting masonry infilled specimen and lower values than those of the traditionally infilled frame.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete. ACI 318-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Akguzel, U., P. Quintana Gallo, and S. Pampanin. 2011. “Seismic strengthening of a non-ductile RC frame structure using GFRP sheets.” In Proc., 9th Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Alhaddad, M. S., N. A. Siddiqui, A. A. Abadel, S. H. Alsayed, and Y. A. Al-Salloum. 2012. “Numerical investigations on the seismic behavior of FRP and TRM upgraded RC exterior beam-column joints.” J. Compos. Constr. 16 (3): 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000265.
Anil, Ö., and S. Altin. 2007. “An experimental study on reinforced concrete partially infilled frames.” Eng. Struct. 29 (3): 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.05.011.
Balsamo, A., A. Colombo, G. Manfredi, P. Negro, and A. Prota. 2005. “Seismic behavior of a full-scale RC frame repaired using CFRP laminates.” Eng. Struct. 27 (5): 769–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.01.002.
Baran, M., and T. Tankut. 2011. “Experimental study on seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete frames by precast concrete panels.” ACI Struct. J. 108 (2): 227–237. https://doi.org/10.14359/51664258.
Bazant, Z. P., and P. G. Gambarova. 1984. “Crack shear in concrete: Crack band microplane model.” J. Struct. Eng. 110 (9): 2015–2035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:9(2015).
Bazant, Z. P., and B. H. Oh. 1985. “Microplane model for progressive fracture of concrete and rock.” J. Eng. Mech. 111 (4): 559–582. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1985)111:4(559).
Bikçe, M., E. Emsen, M. M. Erdem, and O. F. Bayrak. 2021. “An investigation on behavior of RC frames with non-interacting infill wall.” Eng. Struct. 245 (Oct): 112920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112920.
Cosgun, C., M. Cömert, C. Demir, and A. İlki. 2019. “Seismic retrofit of joints of a full-scale 3D reinforced concrete frame with FRP composites.” J. Compos. Constr. 23 (2): 04019004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000923.
Dautaj, A. D., Q. Kadiri, and N. Kabashi. 2018. “Experimental study on the contribution of masonry infill in the behavior of RC frame under seismic loading.” Eng. Struct. 165 (Jun): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.013.
Desayi, P., and S. Krishnan. 1964. “Equation for the stress-strain curve of concrete.” ACI J. Proc. 61 (3): 345–350. https://doi.org/10.14359/7785.
Fahmy, M. F. M., and H. A. Ibrahim. 2020. “Steel-FRP reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames under lateral loads: Numerical investigation.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (6): 04020064. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001078.
Gallo, P. Q., U. Akguzel, S. Pampanin, A. J. Carr, and P. Bonelli. 2012. “Shake table tests of non-ductile RC frames retrofitted with GFRP laminates in beam column joints and selective weakening in floor slabs.” In Proc., 2012 NZSEE Conf. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Hognestad, E. 1951. Study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members. Urbana, IL: Engineering Experiment Station, College of Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Jiang, H., and J. Zhao. 2015. “Calibration of the continuous surface cap model for concrete.” Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 97 (May): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2014.12.002.
Lu, X. Z., J. G. Teng, L. P. Ye, and J. J. Jiang. 2005. “Bond-slip models for FRP sheets/plates bonded to concrete.” Eng. Struct. 27 (6): 920–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.01.014.
Murcia-Delso, J., and P. Benson Shing. 2015. “Bond-slip model for detailed finite-element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (4): 04014125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001070.
Ombres, L. 2015. “Analysis of the bond between fabric reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) strengthening systems and concrete.” Composites, Part B 69 (Feb): 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.027.
Priestley, M. J. N., and R. Park. 1987. “Strength and ductility of concrete bridge columns under seismic loading.” ACI Struct. J. 84 (1): 61–76. https://doi.org/10.14359/2800.
Younis, A., and U. Ebead. 2018. “Bond characteristics of different FRCM systems.” Constr. Build. Mater. 175 (Jun): 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.216.
Zafar, A., and B. Andrawes. 2015. “Seismic behavior of SMA–FRP reinforced concrete frames under sequential seismic hazard.” Eng. Struct. 98 (Sep): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.045.
Zreid, I., and M. Kaliske. 2018. “A gradient enhanced plasticity–damage microplane model for concrete.” Comput. Mech. 62 (Nov): 1239–1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-018-1561-1.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 28 • Issue 4 • November 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 19, 2022
Accepted: Jul 6, 2023
Published online: Aug 28, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jan 28, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Building materials
- Concrete
- Concrete frames
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Engineering mechanics
- Fiber reinforced concrete
- Finite element method
- Frames
- Gravity loads
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Methodology (by type)
- Mortars
- Numerical methods
- Reinforced concrete
- Static loads
- Statics (mechanics)
- Strength of materials
- Structural behavior
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural strength
- Structural systems
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.