Simulation-Based Models for Postearthquake Response: A Survey and Research Directions
Abstract
Computer simulation is increasingly being used by emergency planners as a tool to improve disaster response given that it can model real-world scenarios, such as earthquakes. Although there has been an increase in simulation research focused on disaster response, much of this literature is from disparate fields and across disaster scenarios. To bridge this gap, this paper surveys simulation-based models for postearthquake response from the year 2000 onward. Advantages of simulation over closed-form statistical models are discussed. Three main subproblems in postearthquake response models are explored: (1) service distribution (e.g., food, water), (2) infrastructure restoration (at the building and transportation system level), and (3) emergency healthcare provision (i.e., casualty treatment). Additionally, the underlying simulation-optimization model in its canonical form and numerical results from case studies are presented to illustrate the nature and size of the problems encountered in the real world. Thereafter, gaps in the literature are identified keeping in mind the objectives of FEMA’s recent strategic plan, which focuses largely on equity and resilience. This paper revealed key misalignments between policy priorities and existing literature—specifically, that there is a gap in equity-based simulation modeling.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Natural Hazards Review
Volume 26 • Issue 1 • February 2025
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 31, 2023
Accepted: Jul 16, 2024
Published online: Sep 23, 2024
Published in print: Feb 1, 2025
Discussion open until: Feb 23, 2025
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Business management
- Computer models
- Decision making
- Decision support systems
- Disaster preparedness
- Disaster response
- Disaster risk management
- Disasters and hazards
- Earthquakes
- Engineering fundamentals
- Geohazards
- Geotechnical engineering
- Models (by type)
- Natural disasters
- Numerical models
- Practice and Profession
- Simulation models
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