Fragility and Recovery Models for Energy, Water, and Wastewater Systems for Seismic Regional Risk and Resilience Assessment: State-of-the-Art Review and Database
Abstract
Fragility functions and recovery models are often used to assess lifeline systems subjected to extreme hazards. However, even though many databases for fragility and recovery models exist for essential buildings and transportation systems, fragility and recovery models for other lifelines are fragmented across the literature. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art seismic fragility functions and recovery models for energy (power, liquid fuel, and gas), water, and wastewater systems that can be applied in hazard risk and resiliency assessments of communities. The review focuses on fragility and recovery model parameters and summarizes the methods and validation used in developing the models. In addition, the reviewed fragility functions are compiled in an open-source database with a graphical user interface. Critical gaps in the literature are discussed to guide future research endeavors.
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Data Availability Statement
Supplemental materials associated with this paper can be found in the digital appendix in DesignSafe-CI (Alam et al. 2022b). All other data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, except for the studies conducted by different utility companies (e.g., InfraTerra 2017; BES 2018; SEFT 2018), which are proprietary in nature.
Acknowledgments
This study is based on research supported by the Cascadia Lifelines Program (CLiP) and its financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed are those of the authors and may not represent the official position of the CLiP. Part of the funding to the first and third authors was provided by the Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning, which is a NIST-funded Center of Excellence; the Center is funded through a cooperative agreement between the US National Institute of Standards and Technology and Colorado State University (NIST Financial Assistance Award Nos. 70NANB15H044 and 70NANB20H008). The findings and views expressed are those of the authors and may not represent the official position of the CLiP, NIST or the US Department of Commerce.
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Published In
Natural Hazards Review
Volume 24 • Issue 4 • November 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 14, 2022
Accepted: Apr 6, 2023
Published online: Jul 22, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Dec 22, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Computing in civil engineering
- Databases
- Earthquake engineering
- Energy engineering
- Energy infrastructure
- Energy recovery
- Energy sources (by type)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydro power
- Information Technology (IT)
- Infrastructure
- Infrastructure resilience
- Lifeline systems
- Renewable energy
- Seismic effects
- Seismic tests
- Tests (by type)
- Wastewater management
- Water treatment
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