Development of Makeup-Line Safe-Operating Criteria

Hydraulic transient field tests were performed on a pair of long pipelines with high static lift. The transient response at the pipeline air chamber, and several key points were recorded. The results were reproduced by a computer model, which was developed to simulate the transient response in a hydraulic system. After the verification the computer model was used to develop the safe operating criteria of the makeup system. The criteria requires that the water in the air chamber be maintained within prescribed range of levels during the steady-state operation. The system is then protected from having excessive transient pressure when the discharge is suddenly discontinued due to pump trip.