Model Study of Dense Jet in Flowing Fluid

Investigations were conducted in a 1:20-scale model to determine the geometry and mixing characteristics of a dense jet discharged vertically into a uniform cross-current. The resulting equations for the prediction of jet height, lateral spread, and plume dilution can be used by designers of desalination plant outfall systems in determining diffuser port size and spacing required to meet established water quality criteria. The dynamics of a dense plume heated to 10 deg C above the ambient current are the same as a nonheated plume of comparable density. Single-port test results can be superimposed to predict multiple-port diffuser characteristics. Diffusers have a distinct advantage over simple outfalls in diluting waste brine.