Research Article
Jul 1968
Nonlinear Flow Through Granular Media
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of the Hydraulics Division
Volume 94, Issue 4
Abstract
Relative roles of steady and unsteady fluid motion in causing deviation from the linear Darcy resistance law are described. Air velocities and turbulence intensities were measured within the pores of a gravel bed by hot-wire anemometers. Results indicate that although the linear resistance relation ceases to be valid at a Reynolds number of about 2, velocity fluctuations do not begin until the Reynolds number is about 100, and turbulence is not fully established until it is at least 800. Studies of water flow through a coarse sand bed showed that convergence of the macro-streamlines significantly reduced the resistance at Reynolds numbers over about 10, the proportionate reduction increasing with flow. The observations are interpreted in terms of flow through coiled pipes or round immersed objects, and four regimes of flow through granular media are proposed.
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Published In
Journal of the Hydraulics Division
Volume 94 • Issue 4 • July 1968
Pages: 851 - 872
Copyright
© 1968 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published in print: Jul 1968
Published online: Feb 3, 2021
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Authors
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David Ellis Wright, M.ASCE
Lecturer, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Imperial Coll. of Science and Tech., London, England
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