Optimal Train Skip-Stop Operation at Urban Rail Transit Transfer Stations for Nonrecurrent Extreme Passenger Flow Mitigation
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
Volume 146, Issue 7
Abstract
Urban rail transit transfer stations are key facilities for gathering and switching passenger flow. High passenger demand coupled with nonrecurrent events (e.g., train delays) may cause extreme passenger flow and density within the station, resulting in high risks of disastrous consequences (e.g., stampedes). This paper proposes multiline coordinated train skip-stop strategies to prevent extreme passenger flow and densities at transfer stations. A binary programming model is developed and solved by the genetic algorithm (GA) to best plan the multiline skip-stop strategy. Case studies using real passenger demand and train data are performed to verify the model and the algorithm. Results indicate that the application of the proposed skip-stop strategy can significantly reduce the total passenger waiting and delay time at transfer stations, therefore lowering the risk of disastrous consequences.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Data generated or analyzed during the study are available from the corresponding author by request: (1) passenger demand at Century Avenue Station of the Shanghai Metro in Microsoft Excel; and (2) the source code of the proposed model in Microsoft Visual C#.
Acknowledgments
This work is jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0804900), the Young Teachers Training Funding of Universities in Shanghai (ZZGCD15114), the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctors in Shanghai University of Engineering Science (2016-11), the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 19030501400), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71601110).
References
Altazin, E., Stéphane Dauzère-Pérès, F. Ramond, and S. Tréfond. 2017. “Rescheduling through stop-skipping in dense railway systems.” Transp. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 79 (Jun): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2017.03.012.
Canca, D., E. Barrena, E. Algaba, and A. Zarzo. 2014. “Design and analysis of demand-adapted railway timetables.” J. Adv. Transp. 48 (2): 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/atr.1261.
Daganzo, C., and C. F. Daganzo. 1997. Fundamentals of transportation and traffic operations, 301–302. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Freyss, M., R. Giesen, and J. C. Muñoz. 2013. “Continuous approximation for skip-stop operation in rail transit.” Transp. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 36 (Jun): 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2013.07.004.
Goverde, R. M. P. 2010. “A delay propagation algorithm for large-scale railway traffic networks.” Transp. Res. Part C Emerging Technol. 18 (3): 269–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.01.002.
Gwynne, S., E. R. Galea, M. Owen, P. J. Lawrence, and L. Filippidis. 1999. “A review of the methodologies used in evacuation modeling.” Fire Mater. 23 (6): 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199911/12)23:6%3C383::AID-FAM715%3E3.0.CO;2-2.
Hallowell, S. F., and P. T. Harker. 1998. “Predicting on-time performance in scheduled railroad operations: Methodology and application to train scheduling.” Transp. Res., Part A (Policy Practice). 32 (4): 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(97)00009-8.
Hurdle, V. F. 1973. “Minimum cost schedules for a public transportation route—I. Theory.” Transp. Sci. 7 (2): 109–137. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.7.2.109.
Jiang, Z., Z. Li, R. Xu, and P. Gao. 2012. “A simulation model for estimating train and passenger delays in large-scale rail transit networks.” J. Cent. South Univ. 19 (12): 3603–3613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-012-1448-9.
Kadokura, H., A. Sekizawa, and W. Takahashi. 2012. “Study on availability and issues of evacuation using stopped escalators in a subway station.” Fire Mater. 36 (5–6): 416–428. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1097.
Lei, W., A. Li, R. Gao, X. Hao, and B. Deng. 2012. “Simulation of pedestrian crowds’ evacuation in a huge transit terminal subway station.” Physica A Statis. Mech. Appl. 391 (22): 5355–5365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2012.06.033.
Murali, P., M. Dessouky, F. Ordóez, and K. Palmer. 2010. “A delay estimation technique for single and double-track railroads.” Transp. Res. Part E Logis. Transp. Rev. 46 (4): 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2009.04.016.
Nelson, H. E., and H. A. MacLennan. 1996. The SFPEH and book of fire protection engineering, 2nd ed., 286–295. Berlin: Springer.
Newell, G. F. 1971. “Dispatching policies for a transportation route.” Transp. Sci. 5 (1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.5.1.91.
Nielsen, O. A., A. Landex, and R. D. Frederiksen. 2009. “Passenger delay models for rail networks.” In Schedule-based modeling of transportation networks, 27–49. Berlin: Springer.
Niu, H., and X. Zhou. 2013. “Optimizing urban rail timetable under time-dependent demand and oversaturated conditions.” Transp. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 36 (Nov): 212–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2013.08.016.
Niu, H., X. Zhou, and R. Gao. 2015. “Train scheduling for minimizing passenger waiting time with time-dependent demand and skip-stop patterns: Nonlinear integer programming models with linear constraints.” Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 76 (Jun): 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2015.03.004.
Osuna, E. E., and G. F. Newell. 1972. “Control strategies for an idealized public transportation system.” Transp. Sci. 6 (1): 52–72. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.6.1.52.
Shi, J., L. Yang, Y. Jing, and Z. Gao. 2018. “Service-oriented train timetabling with collaborative passenger flow control on an oversaturated metro line: An integer linear optimization approach.” Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 110 (Apr): 26–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2018.02.003.
Tsukahara, M., Y. Koshiba, and H. Ohtani. 2011. “Effectiveness of downward evacuation in a large-scale subway fire using fire dynamics simulator.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 26 (4): 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.02.002.
Vuchic, V. R. 1973. “Skip-stop operation as a method of transit speed increase.” Traffic Q. 27 (2): 45–50.
Vuchic, V. R. 1976. “Skip-stop operation: High speed with good area coverage.” Union Int. Des Transp. Publics Revue 25 (Jan): 114–120.
Wan, J., J. Sui, and H. Yu. 2014. “Research on evacuation in the subway station in China based on the combined social force model.” Physica A. 394 (Jan): 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2013.09.060.
Xu, X., H. Li, J. Liu, B. Ran, and L. Qin. 2019. “Passenger flow control with multi-station coordination in subway networks: Algorithm development and real-world case study.” Transportmetrica B. 7 (1): 446–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/21680566.2018.1434020.
Zhan, S., L. G. Kroon, L. P. Veelenturf, and J. C. Wagenaar. 2015. “Real-time high-speed train rescheduling in case of a complete blockage.” Transp. Res. Part B: Methodol. 78 (Aug): 182–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2015.04.001.
Zhan, S., L. G. Kroon, J. Zhao, and Q. Peng. 2016. “A rolling horizon approach to the high-speed train rescheduling problem in case of a partial segment blockage.” Transp. Res. Part E: Logis. Transp. Rev. 95 (Nov): 32–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.07.015.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
Volume 146 • Issue 7 • July 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 29, 2019
Accepted: Nov 8, 2019
Published online: May 9, 2020
Published in print: Jul 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Oct 9, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.