Traffic Modeling for Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Evacuation
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
Volume 145, Issue 3
Abstract
Several traffic modeling tools are currently available for evacuation planning and real-time decision support during emergencies. This paper reviews potential traffic-modeling approaches in the context of wildland–urban interface (WUI) fire-evacuation applications. Existing modeling approaches and features are evaluated pertaining to fire-related, spatial, and demographic factors; intended application (planning or decision support); and temporal issues. This systematic review shows the importance of the following modeling approaches: dynamic modeling structures, considering behavioral variability and route choice; activity-based models for short-notice evacuation planning; and macroscopic traffic simulation for real-time evacuation management. Subsequently, the modeling features of 22 traffic models and applications currently available in practice and the literature are reviewed and matched with the benchmark features identified for WUI fire applications. Based on this review analysis, recommendations are made for developing traffic models specifically applicable to WUI fire evacuation, including possible integrations with wildfire and pedestrian models.
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Acknowledgments
This work is funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Grant No. 60NANB16D282) and is part of the project “Modeling requirements for an open-access Multiphysics approach to planning of urban evacuations caused by wildfire disasters.” The authors acknowledge the Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF) at the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) as administrator of the NIST grant. The authors thank Guillermo Rein and Rahul Wadhwani for their contribution to the fire modeling aspects of the project and Albin Bergstedt for his contribution to the review of traffic models/tools. The authors also acknowledge Amanda Kimball and Daniel Gorham at the FPRF as well as the Technical Panel for their continuous support during the project. Paolo Intini acknowledges the Lerici Foundation for providing financial support for his research at Lund University.
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Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
Volume 145 • Issue 3 • March 2019
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©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Feb 26, 2018
Accepted: Aug 21, 2018
Published online: Jan 12, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jun 12, 2019
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