A Novel Time–Frequency Approach Based on the Noise Characterization for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Using GNSS Observations
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 4
Abstract
In this manuscript, a novel time-frequency approach based on noise characterization is proposed for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations. The Allan variance (AVAR) is used to conduct a thorough analysis of GNSS observations, offering greater insight into the noise properties of the system. The results of this noise analysis are utilized to assess bridge movements and enhance the precision of the SHM system. The primary focus of the manuscript is the application of AVAR in GNSS-based SHM, and the results demonstrate the proposed approach’s efficacy in accurately assessing bridge movements. The AVAR analysis revealed that GNSS measurements are contaminated with quantization, white, flicker, and random walk noises, with white and flicker as the dominant noises and the others as secondary. The application of the Kalman Filter reduced the magnitude of white and flicker noise in measurements by an average of 69.3% and 62.6%, respectively. The dominant periods of dynamic movements, determined from the Least Squares Harmonic Estimation (LS-HE) analysis, were found to be within the range of 68.53–179.75 min. The findings of the proposed approach indicate that bridge movement changes amount to 11.48 cm, which is within the permissible design limits. This novel time–frequency approach, based on noise characterization using AVAR, holds significant potential for designing and implementing GNSS-based SHM systems.
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Data Availability Statement
The monitoring data of the Tabiat Bridge and all code supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. All of the data supporting this study’s findings are available in the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System, which can be accessed from ftp://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Spatial Information Technology Organization in Tehran, Iran, for providing the measurements over the Tabiat bridge. The authors would like to acknowledge the GPS data, final precise GPS satellite orbit, and clock products, which were freely available to us.
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Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 4 • November 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 29, 2022
Accepted: May 22, 2023
Published online: Aug 8, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jan 8, 2024
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