Research Article
Sep 1965
Double Summation of Errors in Aerial Triangulation
Publication: Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division
Volume 91, Issue 2
Abstract
Data from a 100-model grid triangulation are used to demonstrate certain features associated with the double summation of errors in the transfer of scale, azimuth, and longitudinal tilt in a strip of aerial triangulation. Errors in the x, y, and z machine coordinates of pass points on the center line of the strip, are first determined from the observed data. Plotted curves of these machine coordinate errors display their characteristic, systematic appearance. The second difference of these errors are then calculated and subjected to two statistical tests. These tests reveal that the systematic appearance of the machine coordinate errors can arise from the double summation of normally distributed random errors. Hence, there need not be any systematic component in the triangulation to produce a systematic appearance. This emphasizes that it is difficult to determine whether or not systematic errors are present in an aerial triangulation simply by observing the machine coordinate errors.
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Published In
Journal of the Surveying and Mapping Division
Volume 91 • Issue 2 • September 1965
Pages: 13 - 25
Copyright
© 1965 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published in print: Sep 1965
Published online: Feb 12, 2021
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Authors
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Gordon Gracie, M.ASCE
Asst. Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
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ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.
Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.