Pressure Grouting Fine Fissures

Standard field equipment and methods were used in grouting fine fissures between specially prepared concrete slabs in a laboratory study with various grout mixtures and pressures. The lowest water-cement ratio that could be used in grout with neat cement, cement plus fly ash, cement plus fly ash plus an intrusion aid, cement plus an intrusion aid, and cement plus calcium lignosulfonate, to penetrate fissures of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 in. width at 25, 50, and 100 psi was determined. The penetration characteristics and the quality of hardened grout films were determined with seven different grout compositions, neat cement, cement plus fly ash, cement plus fly ash plus calcium lignosulfonate, cement plus calcium lignosulfonate, cement plus finely ground water-quenched slag, cement plus pumicite, and cement plus finely ground calcined shale.