Numerical Investigation of Fully Grouted Reinforced Concrete Masonry Walls under Bidirectional Loading: In-Plane Capacity Reduction due to Out-of-Plane Loading
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 11
Abstract
The structural behavior of fully grouted reinforced concrete masonry (RM) walls subjected to either pure in-plane (IP) or pure out-of-plane (OOP) loading has been thoroughly examined in the literature. However, in certain circumstances (e.g., seismic loading), RM walls could be subjected to combined IP and OOP loads. This study conducts a comprehensive numerical investigation into the structural behaviors of RM walls under combined IP and OOP loading, focusing on the influence of geometric parameters (aspect ratio and height-to-thickness ratio) and precompression load. To capture the possible failure modes of RM walls under bidirectional loading scenarios, a simplified micromodeling approach is employed in this study. The numerical simulations were performed in the general-purpose finite element software package ABAQUS. The simulation results indicated that the presence of OOP loads can induce substantial IP capacity reductions, especially for flexural-governed walls characterized by a larger aspect ratio and a low level of precompression load. For flexural-governed walls, IP and OOP capacity interactions were found to be less sensitive to geometrical parameters and precompression load than shear-governed walls. The most interaction was observed for highly slender walls without precompression loads, indicating a reduction in IP capacity by 45% when OOP loading is at 80% of its corresponding capacity. A further comparison between the RM walls and their counterparts, unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, suggested that the IP capacity reduction of RM walls could be 11.6% less than that in URM walls, indicating the positive effects of reinforcements in mitigating the IP–OOP interaction effects.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) in Canada through the Collaborative Research and Development (CRD) Grants (CRDPJ 528050-18). The authors also acknowledged the use of high-performance computing resources provided by Digital Research Alliance of Canada (https://www.alliancecan.ca) for conducting the research reported in this paper.
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Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 11 • November 2024
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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Nov 7, 2023
Accepted: Jun 6, 2024
Published online: Sep 5, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Feb 5, 2025
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