Local Buckling Behavior of Hybrid Steel I-Sections under Uniform Bending: Moment-Rotation Characteristic
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 11
Abstract
High-strength steels (HSSs) have been gaining increasing attention in recent years because of their potential application for lightweight structures. Hybrid structural steel I-sections, featured by dissimilar strength grades for constitutive plates, provide a more economical solution to suit bending loading scenario. This study conducted experiments on nine I-sections with Q690 flange plates under four-point loads, incorporating three different web strength grades including Q690, Q460, and Q355. Furthermore, the local buckling behavior of representative I-sections with various section geometries was analyzed using a validated numerical method to understand the role of web strength grade. Test and numerical analysis results revealed that the section with web steel in the strain hardening stage exhibited different levels of ductility among specimens with different strength webs. It was also observed that earlier yielding or inelastic buckling of the lower strength web plate in hybrid I-sections affects the local buckling behavior of I-girders, in terms of moment resistance and rotation capacity. In addition, the initial local imperfection mode used in numerical analysis was found to affect the rotation capacity of I-girders, but the effect of web strength grade remains consistent among I-sections with the same local buckling deformation mode. This study provides further insights into the local buckling behavior of hybrid I-sections subjected to uniform bending, laying the foundation for further development of design methods.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The funding support from the Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Steel Construction (Hong Kong Branch) at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is gratefully appreciated. The authors would also like to acknowledge the technicians, Mr. C. F. Cheung, Mr. M. C. Ng, and Mr. K. L. Cheung of the Structural Engineering Research Laboratory, and Mr. H.Y. Leung of the Mechanical Workshop at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for their help on the experimental work.
References
AASHTO. 2020. AASHTO LRFD bridge design specification. 9th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AISC (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2005. Specification for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 360-05. Chicago: AISC.
AISC (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2022. Specification for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 360-22. Chicago: AISC.
Bayock, F. N., P. Kah, B. Mvola, and P. Layus. 2019. “Experimental review of thermal analysis of dissimilar welds of high-strength steel.” Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 58 (1): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0004.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2005. Design of steel structures, part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 3. EN 1993-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2006a. Design of steel structures, part 1.5: Plated structural elements. EN 1993-1-5. Eurocode 3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2006b. Design of steel structures, part 2: Design of steel structures. Eurocode 3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2007. Design of steel structures, part 1.12: Additional rules for the extension of EN 1993 up to steel grades S700. EN 1993-1-12. Eurocode 3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chen, S. X. 2022. “Local buckling behaviour of high strength steel and hybrid I-sections.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ.
Chen, S. X., H. Fang, J. Z. Liu, and T. M. Chan. 2022. “Design for local buckling behaviour of welded high strength steel I-sections under bending.” Thin-Walled Struct. 172 (Mar): 108792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108792.
Chen, S. X., J. Z. Liu, and T. M. Chan. 2023a. “Local buckling behaviour of high strength steel and hybrid I-sections under axial compression: Numerical modelling and design.” Thin-Walled Struct. 191 (Oct): 111079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2023.111079.
Chen, S. X., J. Z. Liu, and T. M. Chan. 2023b. “Material properties and residual stresses of welded high strength steel and hybrid I-sections.” Eng. Struct. 276 (Feb): 115293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115293.
Chen, S. X., J. Z. Liu, and T. M. Chan. 2024. “Design method for cross-section behaviour of hybrid I-girders under uniform bending.” Thin-Walled Struct. 200 (Jul): 111847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2024.111847.
Dassault Systèmes. 2019. ABAQUS/CAE 2019. Providence, RI: Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp.
Fieber, A., L. Gardner, and L. Macorini. 2019. “Formulae for determining elastic local buckling half-wavelengths of structural steel cross-sections.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 159 (Aug): 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.04.037.
Frost, R. W., and C. G. Schilling. 1964. “Behavior of hybrid beams subjected to static loads.” J. Struct. Div. 90 (3): 55–88. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0001109.
Gardner, L., A. Fieber, and L. Macorini. 2019. “Formulae for calculating elastic local buckling stresses of full structural cross-sections.” Structures 17 (Feb): 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.01.012.
Gerard, L., L. Y. Li, M. Kettler, and N. Boissonnade. 2019. “Recommendations on the geometrical imperfections definition for the resistance of I-sections.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 162 (Nov): 105716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105716.
Haaijer, G. 1963. “Economy of high strength steel structural members.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 128 (2): 820–842. https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0008791.
Joint American Society of Civil Engineers-AASHO Committee on Flexural Members. 1968. “Design of hybrid steel beams.” J. Struct. Div. 94 (6): 1397–1426. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0001973.
Kamtekar, A. G., J. B. Dwight, and B. D. Threlfall. 1972. Tests on hybrid plate girders (Report 2). Cambridge, UK: Univ. of Cambridge.
Kamtekar, A. G., J. B. Dwight, and B. D. Threlfall. 1974. Tests on hybrid plate girders (Report 3). Cambridge, UK: Univ. of Cambridge.
Lew, H. S., and A. A. Toprac. 1967. Static tests on hybrid plate girders. Austin, TX: Center for Highway Research, Univ. of Texas.
Mvola, B., P. Kah, J. Martikainen, and R. Suoranta. 2016. “Dissimilar high-strength steels: Fusion welded joints, mismatches, and challenges.” Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 44 (2): 146–159.
Shokouhian, M., and Y. J. Shi. 2015. “Flexural strength of hybrid steel I-beams based on slenderness.” Eng. Struct. 93 (Jun): 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.029.
Wang, C. S., L. Duan, Y. F. Chen, and S. C. Wang. 2016. “Flexural behaviour and ductility of hybrid high performance steel I-girders.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 125 (Oct): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.06.001.
White, D. W. 2003. “Improved flexural design provisions for I-shaped members and channels.” Accessed March 16, 2021. https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/aisc/manual/15th-ed-ref-list/improved-flexural-design-provisions-for-i-shaped-members-and-channels.pdf.
Yun, X., and L. Gardner. 2017. “Stress-strain curves for hot-rolled steels.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 133 (Jun): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.01.024.
Zhu, Y. F., X. Yun, and L. Gardner. 2023. “Behaviour and design of high strength steel homogeneous and hybrid welded I-section beams.” Eng. Struct. 275 (Jan): 115275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115275.
Ziemian, R. D. 2010. Guide to stability design criteria for metal structures. 6th ed. New York: Wiley.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 31, 2023
Accepted: Jun 5, 2024
Published online: Aug 27, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jan 27, 2025
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.