Seismic Performance of Pretensioned Centrifugal Spun Concrete Piles with Combined Steel Strands and Deformed Steel Bars
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 11
Abstract
Pretensioned spun high-strength concrete piles usually use the traditional helical grooved steel bars as the main reinforcement, leading to insufficient ductility. Replacing prestressing steel bars with steel strands can effectively overcome the problem. To further enhance the overall seismic performance of the piles, pretensioned centrifugal spun concrete piles with combined use of pretensioned steel strands and nonprestressing deformed steel bars (PSRC piles) have been developed. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations into the seismic performances of PSRC piles. Three full-scale PSRC pile specimens have been tested under lateral cyclic loading with different axial compressive forces, and the results are analyzed in detail and discussed. The influence of incorporating the deformed steel bars on the cyclic behavior of piles is examined with a comparison to the previous test results of the counterpart piles with only steel strands. A detailed finite element model of the PSRC pile specimens is developed and verified against the test results. Parametric analyses are then carried out using the validated model. The results show that the incorporation of nonprestressing deformed steel bars markedly improves the cracking behavior of the piles with much-diffused crack distributions. The combined use of steel strands and deformed bars also results in better deformation capacity as well as higher load-bearing capacity. By adjusting the concrete wall thickness and selecting a desirable ratio of prestressing steel strands and nonprestressing deformed bars, sufficient deformation and load-bearing capacities can be ensured with the piles.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071290).
References
Budek, A. M., and M. J. N. Priestley. 2005. “Experimental analysis of flexural hinging in hollow marine prestressed pile shafts.” Coastal Eng. J. 47 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0578563405001161.
Budek, A. M., M. J. N. Priestley, and G. Benzoni. 2000. “Inelastic seismic response of bridge drilled-shaft RC pile/columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (4): 510–517. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:4(510).
Dolati, S. S. K., and A. Mehrabi. 2021. “Review of available systems and materials for splicing prestressed-precast concrete piles.” Structures 30 (Apr): 850–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.01.029.
Dörr, K. 1980. “Ein beitrag zur berechnung von stahlbetonscheiben unter besonderer berücksichtigung des verbundverhaltens.” Ph.D. thesis, Darmstadt Univ.
Eligehausen, R., E. P. Popov, and V. V. Bertero. 1983. Local bond stress-slip relationships of deformed bars under generalized excitations. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
FEMA. 2000. Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA 356. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Germano, F., G. Tiberti, and G. Plizzari. 2016. “Experimental behavior of SFRC columns under uniaxial and biaxial cyclic loads.” Composites, Part B 85 (Feb): 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.010.
GT (Guobiao Tuijian). 2020. Pretensioned centrifugal spun concrete piles with steel strands. GT 47. Hangzhou, China: Zhejiang Standard Design Station.
Huang, F.-Y., S.-W. Wu, X.-Y. Luo, B.-C. Chen, and Y. Lin. 2018. “Pseudo-static low cycle test on the mechanical behavior of PHC pipe piles with consideration of soil-pile interaction.” Eng. Struct. 171 (Sep): 992–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.060.
Joen, P. H., and R. Park. 1990. “Flexural strength and ductility analysis of spirally reinforced prestressed concrete piles.” PCI J. 35 (4): 54–83. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07011990.54.83.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). 2010. Standard specifications for concrete structures—2007 “Design”. Tokyo: JSCE.
Kowalsky, M. J., M. J. N. Priestley, and G. A. Macrae. 1995. “Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 24 (12): 1623–1643. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290241206.
Lai, B. L., and J. Y. R. Liew. 2021. “Investigation on axial load-shorting behaviour of high strength concrete encased steel composite section.” Eng. Struct. 227 (Jan): 111401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111401.
Menegotto, M., and P. E. Pinto. 1973. “Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frame including changes in geometry and nonelastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending.” In Proc., of IABSE Symp. on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well-Defined Repeated Loads. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
Nagae, T., and S. Hayashi. 2003. “Earthquake-resistant property of prefabricated high-strength concrete pile.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on High Performance Materials in Bridges, 173–182. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/40691(2003)16.
Nascimbene, R. 2022. “Penalty partial reduced selective integration: A new method to solve locking phenomena in thin shell steel and concrete structures.” Curved Layered Struct. 9 (1): 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0027.
Nascimbene, R., and L. Bianco. 2021. “Cyclic response of column to foundation connections of reinforced concrete precast structures: Numerical and experimental comparisons.” Eng. Struct. 247 (Nov): 113214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113214.
Park, R., and T. J. Falconer. 1983. “Ductility of prestressed concrete piles subjected to simulated seismic loading.” PCI J. 28 (5): 112–144. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09011983.112.144.
Ren, J., Q. Xu, G. Chen, C. Liu, S. Gong, and Y. Lu. 2021. “Flexural performance of pretensioned centrifugal spun concrete piles with combined steel strands and reinforcing bars.” Structures 34 (Dec): 4467–4485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.052.
Ren, J., Q. Xu, G. Chen, X. Yu, S. Gong, and Y. Lu. 2022. “Full-scale experimental study of the seismic performance of pretensioned spun high-strength concrete piles.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 162 (Nov): 107467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107467.
Ren, J., Q. Xu, G. Chen, X. Yu, S. Gong, and Y. Lu. 2023. “Seismic performance of pretensioned centrifugal spun concrete piles with steel strands.” Structures 50 (Apr): 1303–1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.02.107.
Roeder, C. W., R. Graff, J. Soderstrom, and J. H. Yoo. 2005. “Seismic performance of pile-wharf connections.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (3): 428–437. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(428).
Silva, P. F., F. Seible, and M. J. N. Priestley. 2001. “Influence of strand development length in formation of plastic hinges in prestressed piles.” PCI J. 46 (3): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05012001.76.89.
Tao, Y., W. Zhao, J. Shu, and Y. Yang. 2021. “Nonlinear finite-element analysis of the seismic behavior of RC column–steel beam connections with shear failure mode.” J. Struct. Eng. 147 (10): 04021160. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003132.
Thusoo, S., T. Obara, S. Kono, and K. Miyahara. 2021. “Design models for steel encased high-strength precast concrete piles under axial-flexural loads.” Eng. Struct. 228 (Feb): 111465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111465.
TNO (Thai National Observatory). 2020. Diana finite element analysis, user’s manual—Release 10.4. Delft, Netherlands: TNO.
Tong, T., W. Zhuo, X. Jiang, H. Lei, and Z. Liu. 2019. “Research on seismic resilience of prestressed precast segmental bridge piers reinforced with high-strength bars through experimental testing and numerical modelling.” Eng. Struct. 197 (Oct): 109335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109335.
Uzuoka, R., N. Sento, M. Kazama, F. Zhang, A. Yashima, and F. Oka. 2007. “Three-dimensional numerical simulation of earthquake damage to group-piles in a liquefied ground.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 27 (5): 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.10.003.
Wang, P., J. Huang, Y. Tao, Q. Shi, and C. Rong. 2022. “Seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns with an assembled UHPC stay-in-place formwork.” Eng. Struct. 272 (Dec): 115003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115003.
Wang, W.-D., C. W. W. Ng, Y. Hong, Y. Hu, and Q. Li. 2019. “Forensic study on the collapse of a high-rise building in Shanghai: 3D centrifuge and numerical modelling.” Géotechnique 69 (10): 847–862. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.P.315.
Xizhi, Z., Z. Shaohua, X. Shengbo, and N. Sixin. 2020. “Study of seismic behavior of PHC piles with partial normal-strength deformed bars.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 19 (2): 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-020-0563-0.
Yang, Z., G. Li, W. Wang, and Y. Lv. 2018. “Study on the flexural performance of prestressed high strength concrete pile.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 22 (10): 4073–4082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1811-y.
Zhang, X., S. Gong, Q. Xu, G. Gan, X. Yu, and Y. Lu. 2022. “Flexural performance of pretensioned spun concrete piles reinforced with steel strands.” Mag. Concr. Res. 74 (15): 757–777. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.21.00146.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 19, 2022
Accepted: Jun 7, 2023
Published online: Aug 23, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jan 23, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.