Experimental Study of Wind Loads on Tubular Crossarms of Transmission Towers
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 3
Abstract
The actions exerted by yawed wind on the crossarm substantially differ from those on the tower body due to the presence of the angle between the crossarm’s cross-section and the incoming flow, and this phenomenon deserves a better understanding. Focusing on the tubular crossarms with round-section members, this paper aims to determine insights into wind actions, as affected by various factors, such as the tower type, the mean width to mean height ratio, the solidity ratio, and the wind incidence angle, and thereby derive the wind loads for design. Accordingly, a succession of wind tunnel tests was conducted by using quadrilateral and triangular crossarm models with various solidity ratios and mean width to mean height ratios. The method of direct force measurement (DFM) is employed for the high frequency force balance (HFFB) test to attain the transverse and longitudinal forces on the crossarm simultaneously. It was found that the wind load coefficients increase with increases of the mean width to mean height ratio and decreases of the solidity ratio. Moreover, in the case of the incoming flow perpendicular to the crossarm face, it is concluded that compared to the quadrilateral crossarm, the triangular crossarm possesses a relatively smaller drag coefficient, provided a moderate mean width to mean height ratio of 1.19. Furthermore, an analysis of the experimental results shows that the skewed wind load factor specified in the relevant codes would overestimate the effects of the wind incidence angle and the variations in mean width to mean height ratio, which is evident in the tests but not considered in the codes. It is worth noting that the experimental results show that the crosswind force is pronounced, which is usually ignored in the skewed wind load factor-based approach. Comparatively, using wind load distribution factors seems to be more rational. Thus, the corresponding estimating equations are proposed for the wind load-distribution factors of the crossarms, which agree well with the experimental results. The developed equations would greatly facilitate the determination of wind loads on tubular crossarms.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 51838012, 51878607, and 52178511. These supports are greatly appreciated. The opinions and statements do not necessarily represent those of the sponsors.
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© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 15, 2021
Accepted: Nov 3, 2022
Published online: Dec 24, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 24, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Buildings
- Continuum mechanics
- Design (by type)
- Drag (fluid dynamics)
- Dynamic loads
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Fluid mechanics
- High-rise buildings
- Hydrologic engineering
- Load distribution
- Load factors
- Load tests
- Solid mechanics
- Structural design
- Structural dynamics
- Structural engineering
- Structures (by type)
- Tests (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Wind engineering
- Wind loads
- Wind tunnel
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