Research Article
Oct 1971
Bromine and Bromamine Disinfection Chemistry
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VIEW THE REPLYAuthors: J. Donald Johnson and Ragnar OverbyAuthor Affiliations
Publication: Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division
Volume 97, Issue 5
Abstract
The chemistry of bromine as a water disinfectant is analyzed. A logarithmic pH versus bromine-ammonia mole ratio distribution diagram for bromine and the bromamines is presented for 10-4 M aqueous bromine solutions. Ultraviolet absorption spectra were used to identify the principal bromamine species initially formed as well as to follow the apparent second and third order decomposition of dibromamine and tribromamine, respectively. In the neutral pH range, tribromamine forms in solutions with mole ratios of ammonia to bromine less than 2:3 while dibromamine occurs at ratios greater than 2:3. A mechanism is proposed which accounts for the rapid rates of decomposition between dibromamine and tribromamine in the breakpoint region. Known variations of sporicidal and virucidal efficiencies as a function of pH, time and ammonia to bromine ratios are correlated with changes in the chemical species in solution.
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Published In
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division
Volume 97 • Issue 5 • October 1971
Pages: 617 - 628
Copyright
© 1971 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published in print: Oct 1971
Published online: Feb 12, 2021
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Authors
Affiliations
J. Donald Johnson
Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Science and Engrg., Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Ragnar Overby
Chf., Environmental Health Lab., Mongomery County Health Dept., Div. of Environmental Health, Gaithersburg, Md.
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