Metal Ties and Anchors for Brick Walls

The integrity of brick masonry structural systems is highly dependent on metal ties, and anchors, which are available in a wide array of materials, sizes and shapes. Ties and anchors are described, and data are provided on their strength in resisting mortar pullout, tension, shear, and compression, based on the present state-of-the-art. Tables are provided on wire properties, recommended maximum spacings of four gages of wire ties in solid, grouted, and cavity walls; on the spacing of corrugated sheet metal anchors for brick veneer and on recommended allowable loads on anchor bolts. Equations are given for mortar-tie pullout strength and the number and spacing of wall anchors to frames and floors or roofs. Research needs and deterrents are cited. Concrete inserts for shelf angles and fasteners for objects supported by masonry walls are not considered.