Development of Fragility Functions for Brick Masonry Structures Using Damage Data from September 24, 2019, Earthquake in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 37, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents fragility functions for clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were developed using the data of damage and earthquake intensity by the September 24, 2019, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir earthquake. These data were collected through reconnaissance surveys in the affected region. The intensity of the earthquake ranged from V to VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale in the surveyed areas. The damage to clay brick piers of bridges was caused by compression or shear-compression forces applied by the vertical seismic forces. Most of the damaged URM buildings showed in-plane wall cracking with very few cases of out-of-plane wall failure. The damage in these buildings was influenced by both the ground motion’s horizontal component and ground motion amplification due to site conditions. The damage types to the URM buildings in the surveyed areas were classified into five damage grades and these data were employed to propose fragility curves for clay brick URM buildings.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the logistical support provided by the staff members at Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the surveys and data collection for the presented studies in this paper. Professor Humberto Varum acknowledges the financial support provided by Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457—CONSTRUCT—Institute of R&D in Structures and Construction, funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI)—and by national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).
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Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 37 • Issue 4 • August 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 16, 2022
Accepted: Mar 13, 2023
Published online: May 22, 2023
Published in print: Aug 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Oct 22, 2023
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